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Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

A

Artificial evolution is when humans breed animals for desired traits whereas natural selection is the natural process where individuals are better adapted to their environment resulting in reproductive success

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1
Q

What is evolution?

A

Process by which species change over time

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2
Q

What are the four principles of natural selection?

A

Overproduction of offspring, variation, selection for adaptations & descent with modifications

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3
Q

Overproduction of offspring

A

More offspring produced than survive

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4
Q

Variation

A

(Diversity) every population has variation within its traits. Some traits more favorable than others. (Increases chance of survival

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5
Q

Selection for adaptations

A

Organisms that are better adapted.

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6
Q

What does fitness measure ?

A

Measures how much a trait will contribute to reproductive success

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7
Q

Descent with modification

A

More individuals will have successful traits in successive generations and as long as traits are beneficial in environmental condition

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8
Q

What scientist developed natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

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9
Q

What is the difference between macroevolution and microevolution?

A

Mirco➡️ evolution that occurs on a small scale, only affects single population
Marco➡️ evolution that occurs on a large scale, causes changes on species across multiple population

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10
Q

What is a species?

A

Group of organisms that share similar characteristics, can interbred, & produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

What 5 factors influence genetic variability and can lead to (Mirco) evolution

A

Genetic drift, gene flow, non-randomnmating, mutations, & natural selection

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12
Q

What is a development of a new species?

A

Speciation

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13
Q

What are the types of isolation that can lead to speciation?

A

Reproductive, behavioral, geographic, & temporal

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14
Q

Reproduce isolation

A

No mating

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15
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Different mating rituals ex. Dancing vs. singing

16
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Islands and mountains form

17
Q

Temporal isolation

A

Different mating seasons spring vs. summer

18
Q

What’s the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium?

A

Gradualism is evolution over time with slow and continuous change
Punctuated equilibrium is evolution that abrupt changes in a species, happens quickly

19
Q

What does it mean for a species to become extinct?

A

The species dies

20
Q

What is Coevolution?

A

Two or more species may change in reponse to each other and may affect evolution of one another

21
Q

Why does convergent evolution happen? What do organisms develop due to convergent evolution?

A

Organisms live in similar environments and develop similar characteristics. NOT RELATED. Animals develop analogous structures

22
Q

When does divergent evolution occur? What structures do organisms have due to divergent evolution?

A

When organisms develop characteristics that help them survive in a different niche. They have homologous structures

23
Q

Example of type of analogous structure

A

Bat wings and falcon wings

24
Q

Example of homologous structure

A

Similar bones in limbs of Different animals

25
Q

What is biochemistry? How does it give evidence of evolution?

A

Study of genes and proteins. The more similar the DNA and amino acid sequence is, the MORE closely related the two species are

26
Q

What is embryology? How does it give evidence of evolution?

A

The study of embryonic development of organisms. More similarities in embryos result in the most closely related organisms

27
Q

What is paleontology? Hue does it give evidence of evolution?

A

Study of prehistoric life. Comparing fossil records resulting in new info such as pattern of gradual change, older fossils less resemblance to modern species, and shows links between groups of organisms.

28
Q

What are the seven categories of the classification system?

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, family,Genus, Species

29
Q

What category of the classification system is the most broadest

A

Kingdom

30
Q

What category of the classification system is the most specific?

A

Species

31
Q

What is a phylogeny?

A

Evolutionary history of a species

32
Q

What is a phylogenic tree?

A

Trees used to classify sources in order of which they descend from a common ancestor

Biology (12 decks)

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