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Biology > Cell Cycle & Control Of The Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Cycle & Control Of The Cell Cycle Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Why do cells reproduce & divide?

A

Growth, repair, & replacement

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1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

A repeated pattern of growth and division

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, mitosis, & cytokinesis

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3
Q

What is the purpose of interphase?

A

Cell growth & DNA Replication

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4
Q

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

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5
Q

How many stages of interphase are there and what are the names of them?

A

3 and it is the G1 phase, S phase, & G2 phase

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6
Q

What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?

A

The cell grows and makes protein

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7
Q

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

A

Chromosomes replicate and form identical sister chromatids

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8
Q

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

A

Cells continue to grow and produce proteins

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9
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

Identical copies of DNA (Chromosomes)

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10
Q

By the end of interphase what is the end result?

A

Cell has 2 full sets of DNA (chromosomes) and now cell is large enough to divide

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11
Q

What comes after interphase and what occurs?

A

Mitosis. DNA that is replicated must be divided and distributed to each new cell. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus to form two nuclei.

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12
Q

What comes after mitosis and what occurs?

A

Cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm into two individual “daughter” cells

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13
Q

How many phases of mitosis are they and what are the names?

A
  1. Prophase➡️ Metaphase ➡️ Anaphase ➡️ Telephase
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14
Q

What happens during Prophase?

A

Chromosomes are “Plain to See”. Nuclear membrane disappears. Centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell. Centrioles form spindle fibers that radiate toward the center of cell

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15
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell. Spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell.

16
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Centromeres that join sister chromatids are SPLIT. sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

17
Q

What happens during Telephase?

A

Chromosomes uncoil. Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes at each pole of the cell. Spindle fibers break down

18
Q

What happens in cytokinesis in animals?

A

Cell Membrane forms of cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two equal parts

19
Q

What happens in cytokinesis in plants?

A

Structure called the cell plate forms between the two nuclei of the cells

20
Q

How does a multicellular organism develop?

A

A fertilize egg (one cell) creates a large number of identical cell through cell division.

21
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

When cells become specialized in structure and function

22
Q

How are various cell types organized:

A

Cells➡️Tissue➡️Organs➡️ Organ Systems

23
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Unspecialized Cells that have the ability to differentiate into one or more types of specialized cells

24
Q

What are some examples of stem cells ?

A

Embryonic stem cells & adult stem cells such as bone marrow

25
Q

Is the cell cycle driven by?

A

A chemical control system

26
Q

What signals help to control the cell cycle?

A

Internal (enzymes) external (environment) [ IMMUNE SYSTEM ]

27
Q

What Also is in place to regulate the cell cycle?

A

Checkpoints.

28
Q

What keeps the cell cycle cycling correctly

A

Stop & start signals

29
Q

What Is uncontrolled cell division

A

When cells do not respond to the bodies control system and divide excessively

30
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer was a single sale but transferred to a cancer cell due to not obeying the control systems

31
Q

If the cancer cell evades destruction,what happens?

A

Each cancer cell will continue to divide and each daughter cell will be cancerous

32
Q

What is a mass of cancer cells called?

A

A tumor

33
Q

what is the term for a mass of cells that is cancerous?

A

Malignant tumor

34
Q

The term for a mass of abnormal cells that are not cancerous and do not spread?

A

Benign tumor

Biology (12 decks)

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