Cell Cycle & Control Of The Cell Cycle Flashcards
Why do cells reproduce & divide?
Growth, repair, & replacement
What is the cell cycle?
A repeated pattern of growth and division
What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, & cytokinesis
What is the purpose of interphase?
Cell growth & DNA Replication
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Interphase
How many stages of interphase are there and what are the names of them?
3 and it is the G1 phase, S phase, & G2 phase
What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?
The cell grows and makes protein
What happens during the S phase of interphase?
Chromosomes replicate and form identical sister chromatids
What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?
Cells continue to grow and produce proteins
What is a sister chromatid?
Identical copies of DNA (Chromosomes)
By the end of interphase what is the end result?
Cell has 2 full sets of DNA (chromosomes) and now cell is large enough to divide
What comes after interphase and what occurs?
Mitosis. DNA that is replicated must be divided and distributed to each new cell. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus to form two nuclei.
What comes after mitosis and what occurs?
Cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm into two individual “daughter” cells
How many phases of mitosis are they and what are the names?
- Prophase➡️ Metaphase ➡️ Anaphase ➡️ Telephase
What happens during Prophase?
Chromosomes are “Plain to See”. Nuclear membrane disappears. Centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell. Centrioles form spindle fibers that radiate toward the center of cell
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell. Spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each sister chromatid to the poles of the cell.
What happens during anaphase?
Centromeres that join sister chromatids are SPLIT. sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
What happens during Telephase?
Chromosomes uncoil. Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes at each pole of the cell. Spindle fibers break down
What happens in cytokinesis in animals?
Cell Membrane forms of cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two equal parts
What happens in cytokinesis in plants?
Structure called the cell plate forms between the two nuclei of the cells
How does a multicellular organism develop?
A fertilize egg (one cell) creates a large number of identical cell through cell division.
What is cell differentiation?
When cells become specialized in structure and function
How are various cell types organized:
Cells➡️Tissue➡️Organs➡️ Organ Systems
What are stem cells?
Unspecialized Cells that have the ability to differentiate into one or more types of specialized cells
