The Princples of Medelian Genetics Flashcards
What are genes?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait
What are genetics?
Study of patterns or inheritance and variations in organisms
What do genes do do in a addition to coding specific traits?
Control each trait by controlling formation of protein.
How many genes do somatic cells contain?
2 genes for each trait one on maternal and one paternal chromosomes.
Gametes only have…
Chromosomes of each pair
What is an Allele?
Different forms of a gene
What do different alleles form?
Different characteristics
What happens In meiosis regarding alleles?
Two alleles are separated
What happens in mendel’s law of segregation?
Only one of four gametes produced in meiosis is passed to offspring therefore only One Allele is passed by each parent
What happens in mendel’s law of independent assortment?
Genes of separate chromosomes separate independently during meiosis. True only if genes are linked on same chromosome
What is the law of dominance?
Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive. An organism with a dominant allele for trait will have (see) that trait. An organism with only recessive alleles (and NO dominant) will always (see) that trait.
What is homozygous?
When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (purebread)
What is heterozygous?
When a organism has two different alleles for a trait (hybrid)
What is a genotype?
The type of alleles an organism has organism has inherited for a trait “genetic make up”
What is phenotype?
How the trait is expressed(seen). “Physical appearance”
