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Biology > DNA & RNA, DNA replication,DNA history, DNA, chromosomes & genes > Flashcards

DNA & RNA, DNA replication,DNA history, DNA, chromosomes & genes Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A 
Deoxyribose acid  ( DNA ] 
Ribonucleic acid ( RNA ]
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1
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Organic molecules composed of nucleotides. They are the blueprint of protein that control all cellular activities.

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2
Q

What are DNA & RNA composed of?

A

Small monomers called nucleotides

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3
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide ?

A

Phosphate, Sugar & Nitrogenous Base

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4
Q

What is the structure of DNA and what is it called?

A

Spiral staircase & it’s called a double helix

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5
Q

What is DNA composed of

A

Composed of parallel chains of nucleotides

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6
Q

What is the name of bases that bond?

A

Complementary bases

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7
Q

What is the base pairs for DNA?

A

Adenine (A)

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8
Q

What is RNA composed of?

A

Single chain of nucleotides

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9
Q

What are the base pairs for RNA?

A

Adenine

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10
Q

What is the type of sugar for DNA that composes a nucleotide?

A

Deoxyribose

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11
Q

What type of sugar in RNA composess a nucleotide

A

Ribose

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12
Q

What holds complementary base pairs together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Who discovered DNA contains genetic information?

A

Oswald Avery

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14
Q

Who discovered DNA has complementary based?

A

Erwin Chargaff … (Chargaff’s rule)

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15
Q

Who was the first person to see the structure of DNA & what did they discover

A

Rosalind Franklin and she discovered x-Ray diffraction

16
Q

Who stole Rosalind’s idea and showed cricks and Watson?

A

Wilkins head of the lab she was a part of

17
Q

Who is Francis crick and James Watson and what did they do?

A

Scientists who couldn’t quite figure the structure of DNA but once Wilkins showed them Rosalind’s model . They looked over theirs and were the first to build an accurate DNA structure

18
Q

What do DNA, genes and chromosomes have in common?

A

They are the molecular basis of hereditary

19
Q

Where is chromosomes located?

A

Nucleus

20
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

One long thread of tightly coiled DNA

21
Q

What does every cell contain?

A

Complete of chromosomes

22
Q

When do the number of chromosomes varies?

A

When there is a different organism

23
Q

What does the last pair of chromosomes determine and what is the name?

A

The last pair of chromosomes determines sex. Which is called sex chromosomes

24
Q

What are other chromosomes known as? Excluding sex chromosomes

A

Autosomes

25
Q

Why is DNA considered the code of life?

A

Because it contains the code or protein that an organism needs

26
Q

How is The code for a particular amino acid determined?

A

It is determined by the sequence of a nucleotide

27
Q

What is a gene ?

A

A specific location on a chromosome consisting of a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein.

28
Q

Characteristics of an organism is determined by…

A

Particular proteins coding

29
Q

How many genes does chromosomes consist of & why?

A

Chromosomes are consisted of thousand of genes because there are many proteins that each organism needs to produce in order to live and survive

30
Q

What is DNA replication carried out by?

A

A series of enzymes

31
Q

What is the first step of DNA replication?

A

Enzyme,DNA Helicase, unzips DNA molecule (breaking hydrogen bonds)

32
Q

What is important to remember when a base is exposed ?

A

That it can only bond with its complementary base

33
Q

What is Step 2 of DNA Replication?

A

Enzyme,DNA Polymerase, adds complementary base pairs to each of single strands

34
Q

What is Step 3 of DNA Replication?

A

End results , 2⃣ identical DNA strands are made from original strand

Biology (12 decks)

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