transcription / translation Flashcards
what is protein synthesis
transcription
translation
what strand is assosciated with transcription
One strand of DNA acts as a template for the production of mRNA
where does transcription happen
nucleus
what unwinds the dna
dna helicase
step 1 transcription
enzyme DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
unwinds
step 2 a transcription
enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the template strand of DNA
step 2 b transcription
RNA polymerase inserts free RNA complementary base pairing nucleotide
step 3 transcription
RNA polymerase separates from the template strand when it reaches a “stop sequence”
step 4
created an mRNA strand which then leaves through pores in the nuclear envelope.
heads to ribosomes
what is every 3 bases called
codon
what does a codon code for
1 amino acid
mrna significance in translation
mRNA acts as a template to which complementary tRNA molecules attach
amino acids they carry are linked to form a polypeptide
how many subuntis are ribosomes made of
2
what does larger ribosome subunit have
larger subunit has two sites for the attachment of tRNA molecules so two tRNA molecules are associated with the ribosome at any one time.
what does smaller ribosome subunit have
binds to the mRNA.
step 1 translation
ribosome binds to the start codon on the mRNA
step 2 translation
tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome through codon-anti-codon interactions
peptide bond forms between amino acids
what are on a trna
amino acid
step 3 translation
The Ribosome moves along by one codon and the empty tRNA molecule moves to pick up another amino acid
when does translation carry on till
until you reach stop codon
what are ribosomes made of
protein rna
what shape is trna
clover
whats the mrna
the gcua line
