musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what are bits of the system
muscles
cartilage
tendons
ligaments
joints
what does it provide
support and stability
what does connective tissues do
supports and binds tissues and organs together.
function of bones
rigid framework
protect organs
provide strucutre
allows us to move
function of muscles
pulls on bones to help you move
what is cartilage
connective tissue
function of cartilage
protects bones from rubbing against each other
function of joints
hold skeleton tog
support movement
function of tendons
connect muscle to bone
function of ligaments
connect bone to bone
how many bones in a body
206
4 bits of spinal column
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
where is cervical region of spine
neck
where is thoracic region of spine
chest
where is lumbar region of spine
low back
where is sacral region of spine
pelvis
what are spinal discs made of
cartillage
2 parts of spinal discs
tough outer portion
soft inner core
what are spinal discs like
spacers’ between the bones (the vertebrae)
what do they act as
shock absorbers between the bones and also allow slight movement of the spine.
how many types of joints are there
6
what are the 6 types of joints
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Fixed
where is the hinge joint
elbow / knee
where is the ball and socket joint
shoulder / hip
where is the pivot joint
neck
where is the saddle joint
thumb
where is the condyloid joint
wrist
where is the fixed joint
skull
3 types of joints
fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
synovial joints
example of fibrous joints
skull
example of cartilaginous joints
e.g. intervertebral discs holding vertebrae together
example of synovial joint
knee
what type of joint is hinge
synovial
what type of joint is ball and socket
synovial
what type of joint is pivot
what type of joint is saddle
synovial
what type of joint is condyloid
synovial
what type of joint is fixed
fibrous
what are fibrous joints feature
they don’t move
what are fibrous joints connected by
dense connective tissue = collagen.
what are cartilagenous joints connected by
entirely by cartilage
movement in cartilagenous joints
allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint
what do synovial joints allow
movement
what is there in the synovial bones
covered with a thin layer of strong, smooth articular cartilage.
whats in the synovial joint
A very thin layer of slippery, viscous joint fluid
separates and lubricates the two cartilage-covered bone surfaces.
how much synovial fluid in knee
4ml
3 types of muscles
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
function of muscle system
movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body
what is the agonist muscle
main muscle moving in an exercise
whats the anagonist muscle
opposing muscle to the Agonist
how does agonist and anagonist mucles work
whilst one contracts the other relaxes
how does the agonist and anagonis work tog
reciprocal inhibition
reciprocal inhibition defenition
relaxation of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side.
https://wordwall.net/resource/10847935/pe/antagonistic-muscle-pairs
how to identify the agonist
contracted
how to identify the anagonist
relaxes to allow agonist to contract
what do skeletal muscles do
attach to bones and control movement of the limbs, head, neck, and body under conscious control
how are skeletal muscles controlled
by neuromuscular signals from the brain
where are smooth muscles / involunterary
These muscles line internal organs, blood vessels, and organs such found in the digestive and reproductive systems
2 type of fibres in voluntary muscle
fast twitch and slow twitch fibres.
fast twitch
ontract quickly, but do not use oxygen well and tire quickly.
slow twitch
contract slowly, but use oxygen well and keep going for a long time
what are there a lot of in muscle fibres
myofibrils
what are myofibrils
cylinders of muscle proteins.
what are the 2 things in myofibrils
actin and myosin filaments
how are filaments arranged in myofibrils
hexagonal patterns
theory of contracting a muscle
Sliding Filament Theory
what is Sliding Filament Theory
During contraction, the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments, shortening the sarcomere
actin filament
thin
myosin filament
thick
role of muscuoloskeletal system
provide form, stability and movement to the human body
consists of bodys bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartillage
role of interverteable disks
intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers keeping vertebrae seperated when theres impact from activity
protects nerves that run down the middle of the spine and intervertebal discs
what happens to thick and thin filaments during contraction
- each muscle fibre is made of smaller fibres called myofibrils
- even smaller actin + myosin filaments
- filamnets dlie in and out between each other to form a muscle contraction
what is the bone marrow known as
is the ‘blood cell factory’
what does bone marrow help us produce
- lymphocytes we need to fight infection,
- erythrocytes cells we need to carry oxygen
- thrombocytes we need to stop bleeding
