cells and cell membranes

Question 1

plasma membrane function

Answer 1

regulate movement of substances in and out of cell

Question 2

nucleus function

Answer 2

contains cells DNA
controls the cell

Question 3

nucleolus function

Answer 3

ribosome synthesis

Question 4

ER function

Answer 4

plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins

Question 5

golgi body function

Answer 5

manage sort + package macromolecules for cell secretion

Question 6

mitochondria function

Answer 6

production of energy by synthesis of ATP

Question 7

nuclear envelope function

Answer 7

pores regulate the movement of macromolecules like protein and RNA

Question 8

how many stages of protein synthesis

Answer 8

8

Question 9

whats protein accronym

Answer 9

r
n
p
r
t
g
s
e

Question 10

protein synthesis

Answer 10

ribosomes
nuclear pores
protetin synthesis
rough er
transport vesicles
golgi
secretary vesicles
exocytosis

Question 11

width of cell membrane

Answer 11

7-8 nm

Question 12

3 functions of cell membrane

Answer 12

1 - selectivley permeable
2 – allows communication with other cells
3 - allow recognition of other external substances

Question 13

phospholipid sturcture

Answer 13

two Fatty acids
glycerol
phosphate group.

Question 14

what do intrinsic proteins do

Answer 14

responsible for transport,
enzymatic activity,
cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining

Question 15

what does intrinsicc protein allow

Answer 15

facilitated diffusion

Question 16

what are carrier proteins

Answer 16

change in shape that translocates the solute across the membrane. This is used for larger molecules

Question 17

channel proetin

Answer 17

hydrophilic corridors for specific hydrophilic molecules to move down

Question 18

where are glycoproteins

Answer 18

combined to a carbohydrate (protein thingy)

Question 19

glycolipid function

Answer 19

recognition site

Question 20

where is glycolipid on membrane

Answer 20

behidn the bilayer thingy

Question 21

cholesterol function

Answer 21

adds strength and rigidity to the membrane

Question 22

intrinsic protein function

Answer 22

span the whole membrane allows facillitated diffusion

Question 23

extrinsic proteins function

Answer 23

only on surface of membrane anchor cells to other structures

Question 24

glycoproteins function

Answer 24

cell receptor sites
hormone / drugs bind to them

Question 25

phospholipids function

Answer 25

hydrophilic head + hydrophobic tail form the fluid moasaic model

Question 26

cholesterol function

Answer 26

provides stability by reducing the fluidity

Question 27

what affects cell transport

Answer 27

surface area concentration gradient temperature size of molecule lipid solubility thickness of the membrane.

Question 28

2 types of transport

Answer 28

passive active

Question 29

conc gradient with passive transport

Answer 29

with

Question 30

conc gradient with active transport

Answer 30

against needs energy

Question 31

3 types of passive transport

Answer 31

Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis

Question 32

diffusion

Answer 32

down a concentration gradient passive process

Question 33

why is diffusion essential in the body

Answer 33

exhcnage of gases in alevolus iin the cell

Question 34

effect of conc gradient on diffusion

Answer 34

greater concentration difference, faster substance will diffuse

Question 35

effect of distance of travel on diffusion

Answer 35

further a particle mst diffuse, longer it will take and slow rate of diffusion

Question 36

effect of surface area of membrane on diffusion

Answer 36

greater surface area, greater probibility that a particle will pass through

Question 37

effect of thickness of membrane on diffusion

Answer 37

thicker the longer it takes for particles to pass through

Question 38

effect of increase in temp on diffusion

Answer 38

rate of diffusion will be faster as temp increases de to greater kinetic energy

Question 39

effect of particle size on diffusion

Answer 39

at given temp, small particles moves faster than a large one

Question 40

carrier proteins

Answer 40

will bind to the substance and then change their shape so that the substance is transported to the other side of the membrane

Question 41

channel proteins

Answer 41

contain hydrophilic tunnels which water soluble particles such as ions can travel through

Question 42

what affects the rate of facillitated diffusion

Answer 42

number of channel or carrier proteins

Question 43

osmosis

Answer 43

movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially-permeable membrane

Question 44

active transport

Answer 44

process cell takes up a substance against a concentration gradient from a low concentration to a high concentration

Question 45

endoctosis

Answer 45

Transports large molecules into a cell. Molecules enclosed in fold in membrane that pinches shut to form a vesicle. Energy is needed in the form of ATP

Question 46

exocytosis

Answer 46

Transports large molecules out of a cell. Molecules are enclosed by a vesicle (from endoplasmic reticulum or golgi body) and fuses with the membrane. Energy is needed in the form of ATP

Question 47

what is pinocytosis

Answer 47

uptake of large molecule form solution

Question 48

what is phagocytosis

Answer 48

up take of solid particles

Question 49

baisic explination of endocytosis

Answer 49

bulk transport into the cell

Question 50

baisic explination of exocytosis

Answer 50

bulk transport out of cell

Question 51

how to leave the cell

Answer 51

exocytosis material package in vesicles vesicles fuse with plasma membrane