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EoM 2 > Transcription / RNA Processing > Flashcards

Transcription / RNA Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Number of RNA Polymerases in Eukaryotes

A

3

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2
Q

How are transcription and translation separated in eukaryotes only?

A

Transcription takes places in the nucleus while translation of mature mRNAs occurs in the cytoplasm.

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3
Q

Unspecific factors required for transcription initiation

A

General Transcription Factors (GTFs)

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4
Q

RNA polymerase responsible for transcribing large ribosomal rRNAs

A

RNA Polymerase I

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5
Q

Transcribes all mRNA, as well as microRNA precursors and most snRNA involved in splicing

A

RNA Polymerase II

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6
Q

Which RNA polymerase has polyadenylated transcripts?

A

RNA Pol II

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7
Q

What transcribes tRNA, U6 snRNA and the 5S rRNA gene

A

RNA Polymerase III

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8
Q

Location of the TATAA box

A

-25 to -30 upstream

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9
Q

What at -35 in a eukaryotic promoter recognizes TFIIB?

A

B Recognition Element (BRE)

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10
Q

What does TBP stand for in eukaryotic transcription?

A

TATAA Binding Protein

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11
Q

What is TAF in regards to eukaryotic transcription?

A

TBP Associated Factors

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12
Q

TFIID, a 15 protein complex, is made up of what?

A

TBP and TAFs

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13
Q

First step in eukaryotic transcription / binding of RNA Pol II?

A

TFIID binds the promoter

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14
Q

What happens after TFIID binds in eukaryotic transcription?

A

TFIIB binds to BRE (promotor) and TBP (part of TFIID)

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15
Q

What happens after TFIIB binds in eukaryotic transcription?

A

RNA Pol and TFIIF create a subcomplex. This complex binds the TBP-TFIID complex already in place.

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16
Q

What happens after TFIIF-RNAP binds the growing complex in eukaryotic transcription?

A

TFIIE and TFIIH bind the complex, completing the pre-initiation complex.

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17
Q

Which transcription initiation factor has helicase activity?

A

TFIIH

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18
Q

Which transcription initiation factor phosphorylates the c terminal domain of RNA Pol II?

A

TFIIH

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19
Q

What causes RNA Pol II to dissociate from the preinitiation complex and initiate transcription?

A

Phosphorylation of the 5th serine residue in a repeated amino acid sequence by TFIIH

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20
Q

What does the Carbon Terminal Domain (CTD) do in RNA Pol II after dissociating from the initiation complex?

A

Binds elongation and processing factors.

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21
Q

Role of “Mediator” in RNA Transcription

A

Interacts with GTFs, RNA Pol II, and gene specific factors

22
Q

Which two RNA Poly III regions have downstream promoters?

A

5S rRNA and tRNA

23
Q

Which RNA Poly III transcribed genes have upstream promoters?

A

U6 snRNA

24
Q

Where does ribosomal RNA processing occur in eukaryotes?

A

Nucleolus

25
Q

How many cleavages does pre-rRNA undergo during processing?

A

Two sets of cleavage

26
Q

How are 5.8S and 28S rRNA bonded in processing?

A

hydrogen bonding

27
Q

Which is non-coding – 5.8S or 28S rRNA

A

5.8S

28
Q

In eukaryotic ribosomal RNA processing, what guides nucleases to the specific cleavage sites?

A

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small ribonucleoparticles (snoRNPs)

29
Q

Which enzyme processes the 5’ end of pre-tRNA?

A

RNAse P

30
Q

RNAse P is active with its RNA portion without its protein portion necessarily. That makes it a what?

A

Ribozyme

31
Q

What cleaves the 3’ end of a (pre)tRNA?

A

A conventional protein RNAse

32
Q

What is added to the 3’ end of a tRNA?

A

CCA addition

33
Q

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase needs what to recognize the tRNA?

A

CCA addition

34
Q

Modified version(s) of adenosine used in tRNA

A

Inosine

35
Q

Four Aspects of Eukaryotic mRNA Processing

A

1) Capping
2) Tailing
3) Splicing
4) Editing

36
Q

What is added to the 5’ end of pre mRNA?

A

7-methylguanosine cap

37
Q

Which end of the pre mRNA is the 7-methylguanosine cap added to?

A

5’

38
Q

What enzyme adds to the 3’ end of mRNA during processing?

A

poly-A polymerase

39
Q

In mRNA polyadenylation, what sort of sequence is cleaved off downstream?

A

GU rich element

40
Q

What is upstream from the polyadenylation cleavage site?

A

AAUAAA signal (10-30 bases)

41
Q

First step in mRNA splicing?

A

Cleavage at the 5’ site (leaves a free 3’ end exon)

42
Q

What happens to the 5’ end of an intron after cleavage?

A

Joins to a 2’ hydroxyl of an adenine base near end of intron. Forms a lariat

43
Q

What is made up of 5 types of small nuclear RNA, other proteins, and is part of the spliceosome?

A

Small nuclear ribonuceloprotein particlar (snRNPs)

44
Q

What structure creates looped domains similar in appearance to tRNA?

A

snRNPs

45
Q

Which snRNP holds the first exon during splicing?

A

U5 snRNP

46
Q

RNA Editing

A

Changing single bases to alter the amino acid sequence

47
Q

What three things can trigger RNA degradation?

A

1) Lariats identified by the 2’-5’ phosphodiester bond
2) 3’ and 5’ naked ends are targeted
3) premature termination codons

48
Q

What kind of proteins do mRNAs have a short half life for?

A

regulatory

49
Q

What kind of proteins do mRNAs have a long half life for?

A

structural

50
Q

What’s odd about RNA Polymerase III?

A

promoter can be downstream

51
Q

Why is there a 7-methylguanosine cap?

A

prevents degradation by RNAse

EoM 2 (12 decks)

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