Nucleotide Struc/Func

Question 1

Name the purines we learned

Answer 1

Adenine and Guanine

Question 2

Name the pyrimidines we learned

Answer 2

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Question 3

Why are most pyrimidine modifications on the right side?

Answer 3

Does not affect Hydrogen Bonding

Question 4

What are structural isomers that readily convert called

Answer 4

Tautomers

Question 5

Which nitrogenous base tautomerizes most readily?

Answer 5

Uracil

Question 6

Which form of uracil is most prevalent?

Answer 6

Keto/lactam form

Question 7

What makes up the sugar backbone in DNA?

Answer 7

2-Deoxyribose

Question 8

What makes up the sugar backbone in RNA?

Answer 8

Ribose

Question 9

When forming a nucleoside, the nitrogenous base is bound to which carbon on the sugar?

Answer 9

Carbon 1

Question 10

Which stereochemical form predominates in nucleosides?

Answer 10

Anti (as opposed to the syn form)

Question 11

Where do phosphate groups attach to nucleosidic sugars to form a nucleotide?

Answer 11

5’ carbon

Question 12

What is the bond called in DNA?

Answer 12

3’-5’ phosphodiester

Question 13

What is an example of nucleotides carrying specific building blocks in pathways?

Answer 13

UDP-glucose, donating glucose to glycogen

Question 14

What second messengers can be formed from nucleotides?

Answer 14

cAMP and cGMP

Question 15

What does S-adenosyl methionine do?

Answer 15

Acts as a methyl group donor

Question 16

Which enzyme forms S-adenosyl methionine from ATP and methionine?

Answer 16

methionine adenosyltransferase

Question 17

How does ATP become involved in NAD+/NADP+ synthesis?

Answer 17

NAD+ is phosphorylatesd with a phosphate group on ATP

Question 18

How does ATP become involved in FAD synthesis?

Answer 18

Riboflavin has a phosphate group added to become Flavin Mononucletodie (FMN). Then, pyrophosphate is cleaved from another ATP, with the AMP added to become Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD).

Question 19

What does the synthesis of pantothenic acid into coenzyme A require?

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

Synthetic pyrimidine nucleoside prodrug used in chemotherapy

Answer 20

Gemcitabine

Question 21

Thymidine analog which selectively inhibits HIV’s reverse transcriptase

Answer 21

Azidothymidine