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EoM 2 > Nuclear Transport > Flashcards

Nuclear Transport Flashcards

1
Q

The nuclear envelope is continuous with what other cellular structure?

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

What provides cytoskeletal support to the nucleus?

A

nuclear lamina

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3
Q

What structure controls traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm?

A

nuclear pores

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4
Q

What is the site of ribosomal RNA transcription and processing in the nucleus?

A

Nucleolus

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5
Q

Two functions of the nuclear lamina

A

1) provides structural and functional support to the nucleus

2) binds chromatin and other nuclear proteins

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6
Q

What is the nuclear lamina made up of?

A

A class of intermediate filaments called lamins

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7
Q

Which two types of lamin are made up of a single gene which is alternatively spliced?

A

Lamin A and Lamin C

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8
Q

Which lamin(s) have their farnesyl group cleaved off?

A

Lamin A and Lamin C

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9
Q

Which lamin(s) keep their farnesyl group?

A

Lamin B1 and B2

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10
Q

What differs between Lamin A and Lamin C?

A

Lamin C has the final 133 AAs at the C-terminus removed (well they’re never translated more so)

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11
Q

Which lamin(s) are expressed in all cells?

A

Lamin B1 and Lamin B2

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12
Q

Which proteins bind Lamin B1/B2 to the inner nuclear membrane?

A

Emerin and Lamin B Receptor (LBR)

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13
Q

What connects the nuclear lamina with the cytoskeleton

A

LINC complex

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14
Q

Three roles of LINC complex

A

nuclear migration, nuclear integrity, and chromosome movement during cell division

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15
Q

What proteins make up the nuclear pore complex?

A

nucleoporins

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16
Q

The nuclear pore complex has a basket-like complex on which side?

A

nucleus

17
Q

What forms the basic structural scaffold around the nuclear pore complex?

A

Y-complex

18
Q

What line the central channel of the nuclear pore complex

A

FG-nucleoporins

19
Q

Why is it called a FG-nucleoporin?

A

it has hydrophillic repeats with hydrophobic FG (phenylalanine-glycine)

20
Q

Which signal is required to bring something into the nucleus?

A

Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)

21
Q

Which signal is required to take something out of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear Export Signal (NES)

22
Q

Which nuclear transport signal has basic amino acid sequences (Lys-Arg). Also just lysine rich sequences as well

A

Nuclear localization signal (NLS)

23
Q

Which nuclear transport signal has leucine rich sequences?

A

Nuclear export signal (NES)

24
Q

The nuclear localization signal (NLS) binds which transport protein?

A

importin

25
Q

The nuclear export signal (NES) binds which transport protein?

A

exportin

26
Q

Name two ways that nuclear import can be inhibited

A

1) ikB binds to NLS

2) NLS is phosphorylated directly

27
Q

Guanine nucleotide binding protein with GTPase activity

A

Ran

28
Q

Exchanges Ran GDP for GTP in nucleus

A

Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF)

29
Q

Facilitates hydrolysis of Ran’s GTP in the cytoplasm

A

RAN GTPase Activating Protein (GAP)

30
Q

Nucleus to Cytoplasm Transport

A

Ran-GTP

31
Q

Cytoplasm to Nucleus Transport

A

Ran-GDP

32
Q

What binds to mRNA-protein complexes (mRNPs) for Ran-independent export?

A

NXF1/NXT1 complex

33
Q

What’s the RNA helicase with ATPase activity in the cytoplasm which removes NXF1/NXT1 complex in Ran-independent export?

A

Dbp5

34
Q

A defect in emerin and lamin A/C

A

Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy

35
Q

Premature aging. Defect in LMNA gene. Defective Lamin A/C. Abnormal nucleus.

A

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria

36
Q

What’s the gene defect in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria?

A

Single base mutation activating a cryptic mRNA splice cite. Shorter lamin protein and the farnesyl stays attached.

EoM 2 (12 decks)

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