Transcription and Translation Flashcards
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA to mRNA to proteins.
What is transcription?
RNA copying DNA to translate.
What is translation?
RNA becomes a coded template to make proteins.
Where are proteins made?
In a ribosome.
How is RNA the same as DNA?
Both have nucleotides that code for proteins.
How is RNA different from DNA?
The T in RNA is replaced by Uracil (U). It is single stranded.
What is a coding/non-template strand?
A strand of DNA that is NOT used to transcribe RNA. RNA will match it (except T’s will be U’s) because RNA copied the TEMPLATE strand which is the non-template strands pair.
What is the function of RNA polymerase I?
It makes several kinds of rRNA.
Explain m-RNA processing.
Happens in nucleus; pre m-RNA coated in stabalizing proteins; 5’ cap; 3’ Poly-tail added; Pre-mRNA splicing (exons kept in, introns cut out).
What is an exon?
An expressed gene sequence.
What is an intron?
A non-expressed/non-protein coding sequence.
What is the function of RNA polymerase III?
Transcribes a bunch of structural RNA’s, like tRNA.
What is the function of RNA polymerase II?
Synthesizes all protein coding nuclear pre-mRNA/s. Transcribes the majority of eukaryotic genes.
