Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

Describe phosphorylation.

Answer 1

A phosphate group is transferred to a molecule or an ion by DEHYDRATION reaction.

Question 2

Describe dephosphorylation.

Answer 2

REMOVAL of a phsphate group from a molecule or an ion by HYDROLYSIS reaction.

Question 3

Define metabolism.

Answer 3

All the chemical reactions that transpire inside cells.

Question 4

Define metabolic pathway.

Answer 4

A series of biochemical reactions that convert one or more substrates into a final product.

Question 5

Define substrate

Answer 5

The reactants that will turn into a product. The ingredients.

Question 6

What are two metabolic pathways?

Answer 6

Anabolic and catabolic; catalyzed by multiple enzymes

Question 7

What is anabolic pathway?

Answer 7

USES ENERGY to take small moleucle and assemble them into LARGER ONES; MAKES SOMETHING; DEHYDRATION; ENDERGONIC.

Question 8

What is catabolic pathway?

Answer 8

Spontaneous. Does not require energy. BREAKS DOWN large molecules into smaller ones. ENERGY IS RELEASED; EXERGONIC; HYDROLYSIS

Question 9

What is activation energy?

Answer 9

Ea. Energy required to get a reaction to it’s transition state.

Question 10

Enthalpy

Answer 10

Total energy required to break a bond.

Question 11

Entropy

Answer 11

Measure of disorder of energy.

Question 12

What is an enzyme?

Answer 12

A protein that regulates the rate of chemical reactions without itself being altered in the process.

Question 13

What is a catalyst?

Answer 13

Helps lower the activation energy needed in chemical reactions.

Question 14

What are the parts of an enzyme?

Answer 14

Active site; binding site; catalytic site

Question 15

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 15

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme. Very specific to specific substrates.

Question 16

What is an enzyme inhibitor?

Answer 16

Competitive or non-competitive; keeps the enzyme from doing it’s job. This can be a good thing (too much ATP) or a bad thing (not enough ATP).

Question 17

What are two types of enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 17

Competitive and non-competitive

Question 18

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 18

Similar in shape and size to substrate, it binds to the active site so the correct substrate cannot.

Question 19

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 19

Binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme and changes the enzymes shape; substrate can no longer bind to the enzyme.

Question 20

What is an allosteric site on an enzyme?

Answer 20

A part of the enzyme where the enzyme may be inhibited or stimulated. Built into primary structure.

Question 21

What is a helper molecule?

Answer 21

Non-protein ions or compounds that help enzymes. Cofactors and coenzymes.