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Biology 181 > Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five components of a plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer; cholesterol; integral proteins; peripheral proteins; carbohydrates

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2
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer made of (2 things)

A

Phosphate hydrophilic head and fatty acid hydrophobic tail

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3
Q

What is cholesterol and where is it found in plasma membrane, and what does it do?

A

A lipid; Attached between phospholipids; fluidity buffer. Only in animals.

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4
Q

What is phytosterol?

A

Like cholesterol but in plant plasma membranes.

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5
Q

What do the intergral proteins do in the plasma membrane?

A

transporters; receptors; enzymes; or binding.

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6
Q

What is a glycoprotein/glycolipid (also known as glycocalyx).

A

Attracts water to cells surface; aids in cell interactions with its watery environment; important for cell identification and self/non-self determination; used in cell to cell attachments to FORM TISSUES.

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7
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

A lipid with a sugar attached.

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8
Q

What do glycocalyx do for plasma membrane?

A

Attract substances; cell-cell recognition and attachment; form tissues from cells.

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9
Q

What are 3 different types of carrier proteins?

A

Uniporter; symporter; antiporter

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9
Q

What are carrier proteins?

A

Move tens of thousands of molecules through the membrane. Specific to ligands.

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10
Q

What does uniporter carrier protein do?

A

Carries 1 molecule/ion in ONE DIRECTION.

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11
Q

What does symporter carrier protein do?

A

Carries 2 different molecules/ions in SAME DIRECTION.

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12
Q

What does antiporter carrier protein do?

A

Carries 2 different molecules/ions in DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS.

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13
Q

What is electrical chemical transport?

A

When CYTOPLASM is more NEGATIVELY CHARGED than EXTRACELLULAR fluid.

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14
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

BULK EXPORT by vesicles. For larger molecules. GETTING STUFF OUT.

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15
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

BULK IMPORT by vesicles and vacuoles. GETTING STUFF IN.

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16
Q

What is primary transport?

A

Moves an ion or molecule UP it’s electrical gradient using ATP.

17
Q

What is secondary transport?

A

An electrical gradient that uses ATP to drive primary transport. Allows ions/molecules to go agains their concentration gradient.

18
Q

What are channel proteins?

A

Transport proteins. Move TENS OF MILLIONS molecules/second. Work by being HYDROPHILIC amino acids and ATTRACTING ions and polar molecules. Some are always open. Some are gated.

19
Q

What is facilitated transport/diffusion?

A

moves ions and small polar molecules DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS through intergral membrane proteins.

20
Q

What type of proteins participate in faciliated transport?

A

Channel and carrier proteins.

21
Q

What are carrier proteins?

A

Specific to a single substance called a ligand. Binds to ligand, triggers PROTEIN SHAPE TO CHANGE, moves ligand in either direction.

22
Q

What is a ligand?

A

A molecule that binds another specific molecule, in some cases delivering a signal in the process.

23
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Ions/molecules moving without required energy.

24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

substance moves from area of HIGH CONCENTRATION DOWN it’s CONCENTRATION GRADIENT to an area of LOW CONCENTRATION.

25
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of WATER across a membrane. When water moves from an area of HIGHER WATER CONCENTRATION to one of LOWER WATER CONCENTRATION.

26
Q

What is tonicity?

A

How extracellular solution can change volume inside a cell by affecting osmosis.

27
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

total solute concentration of a solution in water.

28
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

EXTRACELLULAR fluid has HIGHER osmolarity than cytosol: water leaves cell, cell shrivels.

29
Q

What is hypotonic?

A

EXTRACELLULAR fluid has LOWER osmolarity than cytosol: water enters cells (cell burts or lyses)

30
Q

What is isotonic?

A

EXTRACELLULAR fluid has same osmolarity as cytosol; water moves little between the two. NO change in cell size.

31
Q

Pump example of active transport?

A

Sodium potassium pump

32
Q

How does a sodium potassium pump work?

A

The sodium-potassium pump moves K+ into the cell while moving Na+ out at the same time, at a ratio of three Na+ for every two K+ ions moved in. The Na+-K+ ATPase exists in two forms, depending on its orientation to the cell’s interior or exterior and its affinity for either sodium or potassium ions.

33
Q

What is an electrical gradient?

A

Cytoplasm contains more negative molecules.

34
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance being dissolved: ex. salt.

35
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance doing the DISSOLVING. Remember V for solVent and disolVe. ex. Water

36
Q

What is a solution?

A

Formed from a solvent dissolving a solute.

37
Q
A
38
Q

General description of what CAN pass EASILY through the plasma membrane:

A

Non-polar and lipid soluble substances; substances with low molecular weight.

39
Q

General description of substances that CANNOT easily pass through plasma membrane:

A

Ions (because they’re charged: Fe+) simple sugars; amino acids.

Biology 181 (8 decks)

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