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Biology 181 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cells extract energy from food to generate ATP.

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2
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen required

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3
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

No oxygen required

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4
Q

Fermentation

A

partial catabolism of sugars or other oganic fuels.

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5
Q

What is the formular for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 +6 O2 ——>6 CO2+ 6 H2O

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6
Q

Is cellular respiration endergonic;anabolic/exergonic;catabolic?

A

Exergonic; catabolic

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7
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When an atom loses an electron and becomes POSITIVE.

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8
Q

What is an oxidizing agent?

A

An atom that receives an electron.

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9
Q

What is reduction?

A

When an atom GAINS an electron and becomes NEGATIVE.

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10
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

An atom that gives an electron.

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11
Q

What is NAD+

A

An electron carrier before it has been reduced by an electron.

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12
Q

What are electron shuttles?

A

Compounds that bind and carry high energy electrons between compounds. ELECTRON HUNGRY CARS.

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13
Q

What is NADH?

A

The reduced form of NAD. It now holds an electron and will deliver it as energy.

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14
Q

What is the reduced form of NAD?

A

NADH

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15
Q

What is the oxidized form of NADH?

A

NAD+

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16
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

Carbohydrates and oxygen.

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17
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

CO2, water, and ATP.

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18
Q

Where does cellular respiration happen in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

19
Q

What are the stages, in order, of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis; Pyruvate oxidation; citric acid cycle; oxidative phosphorylation

20
Q

What two processes happen in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

21
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

First step in cell respiration; ten steps; first half requires energy; second half releases some energy. MAKES TWO PYRUVATE molecules from ONE glucose molecule.

22
Q

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

A

A carboxyl group is removed from 2 pyruvate molecules made from glucose in glycolysis, releasing CO2. They are oxidized into two acetyl groups. Transfered to Acetyl CoA enzyme.

23
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In cytoplasm

24
Q

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?

A

In mitochondrial MATRIX. Getting ready to go into mitochondria.

25
Q

Where does citric acid cycle take place?

A

In the mitochondrial matrix.

26
Q

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

A

Glucose and oxygen.

27
Q

What are the outputs of glycolysis?

A

four ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate molecules.

28
Q

What are the inputs of pyruvate oxidation?

A

Pyruvate; NAD+; Coenzyme A

29
Q

What are the outputs of pyruvate oxidation?

A

CO2, NADH, Acetyl CoA

30
Q

What are the inputs for the citric acid cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA; Pi (phosphate group); water; NAD+; FAD+;CO2

31
Q

What happens in the citric acid cycle (basic summary)

A

Carbons are rearranged and CO2 is created. Electrong and hydrogen ions are given to carrier for the electron transport chain.

32
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

In the mitochondria.

33
Q

What are the inputs to the electron transport chain?

A

ADP, NADH, FADH2 and O2

34
Q

What are the outputs of the electron transport chain?

A

ADP and H+ protons.

35
Q

What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?

A

CoA (goes back into the cycle); CO2; GTP; ATP; NADH; FADH2

36
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

A series of redox reactions where electrongs are passed from one compound to the next; at the end reduces oxygen and produces water. ATP is final product.

37
Q

What are the complexes in the protein transport chain?

A

Complex I, III, and IV. Each complex is more electronegative than the previous because it’s getting a lot of electrongs. These complexes are PROTON PUMPS for H+.

38
Q

What happens during the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons are transported from one complex to the next. A bunch of H+ ions are moving up into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE, creating an electrogradient to power chemiosmosis.

39
Q

Where does chemiosmosis occur?

A

In the mitochondria.

40
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

An electrochemical gradient of H+ protons now powers ATP synthase. WHERE ATP IS MADE.

41
Q

Describe ATP synthase.

A

ATP synthase is protein in the membrane of mitochondria that is powered by H+ electrochemical gradient. The H+ protons fall through the protein, and it helps PHOSPHORYLATE ADP into ATP, by ADDING a phosphate group.

42
Q

What is the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

O2.

43
Q
A

Biology 181 (8 decks)

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