Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

Cells extract energy from food to generate ATP.

Question 2

Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Oxygen required

Question 3

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

No oxygen required

Question 4

Fermentation

Answer 4

partial catabolism of sugars or other oganic fuels.

Question 5

What is the formular for cellular respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 +6 O2 ——>6 CO2+ 6 H2O

Question 6

Is cellular respiration endergonic;anabolic/exergonic;catabolic?

Answer 6

Exergonic; catabolic

Question 7

What is oxidation?

Answer 7

When an atom loses an electron and becomes POSITIVE.

Question 8

What is an oxidizing agent?

Answer 8

An atom that receives an electron.

Question 9

What is reduction?

Answer 9

When an atom GAINS an electron and becomes NEGATIVE.

Question 10

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 10

An atom that gives an electron.

Question 11

What is NAD+

Answer 11

An electron carrier before it has been reduced by an electron.

Question 12

What are electron shuttles?

Answer 12

Compounds that bind and carry high energy electrons between compounds. ELECTRON HUNGRY CARS.

Question 13

What is NADH?

Answer 13

The reduced form of NAD. It now holds an electron and will deliver it as energy.

Question 14

What is the reduced form of NAD?

Answer 14

NADH

Question 15

What is the oxidized form of NADH?

Answer 15

NAD+

Question 16

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates and oxygen.

Question 17

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Answer 17

CO2, water, and ATP.

Question 18

Where does cellular respiration happen in the cell?

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

What are the stages, in order, of cellular respiration?

Answer 19

Glycolysis; Pyruvate oxidation; citric acid cycle; oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

What two processes happen in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 20

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 21

What is glycolysis?

Answer 21

First step in cell respiration; ten steps; first half requires energy; second half releases some energy. MAKES TWO PYRUVATE molecules from ONE glucose molecule.

Question 22

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 22

A carboxyl group is removed from 2 pyruvate molecules made from glucose in glycolysis, releasing CO2. They are oxidized into two acetyl groups. Transfered to Acetyl CoA enzyme.

Question 23

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 23

In cytoplasm

Question 24

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?

Answer 24

In mitochondrial MATRIX. Getting ready to go into mitochondria.

Question 25

Where does citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 25

In the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 26

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

Answer 26

Glucose and oxygen.

Question 27

What are the outputs of glycolysis?

Answer 27

four ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate molecules.

Question 28

What are the inputs of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 28

Pyruvate; NAD+; Coenzyme A

Question 29

What are the outputs of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 29

CO2, NADH, Acetyl CoA

Question 30

What are the inputs for the citric acid cycle?

Answer 30

Acetyl CoA; Pi (phosphate group); water; NAD+; FAD+;CO2

Question 31

What happens in the citric acid cycle (basic summary)

Answer 31

Carbons are rearranged and CO2 is created. Electrong and hydrogen ions are given to carrier for the electron transport chain.

Question 32

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 32

In the mitochondria.

Question 33

What are the inputs to the electron transport chain?

Answer 33

ADP, NADH, FADH2 and O2

Question 34

What are the outputs of the electron transport chain?

Answer 34

ADP and H+ protons.

Question 35

What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 35

CoA (goes back into the cycle); CO2; GTP; ATP; NADH; FADH2

Question 36

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 36

A series of redox reactions where electrongs are passed from one compound to the next; at the end reduces oxygen and produces water. ATP is final product.

Question 37

What are the complexes in the protein transport chain?

Answer 37

Complex I, III, and IV. Each complex is more electronegative than the previous because it's getting a lot of electrongs. These complexes are PROTON PUMPS for H+.

Question 38

What happens during the electron transport chain?

Answer 38

Electrons are transported from one complex to the next. A bunch of H+ ions are moving up into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE, creating an electrogradient to power chemiosmosis.

Question 39

Where does chemiosmosis occur?

Answer 39

In the mitochondria.

Question 40

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 40

An electrochemical gradient of H+ protons now powers ATP synthase. WHERE ATP IS MADE.

Question 41

Describe ATP synthase.

Answer 41

ATP synthase is protein in the membrane of mitochondria that is powered by H+ electrochemical gradient. The H+ protons fall through the protein, and it helps PHOSPHORYLATE ADP into ATP, by ADDING a phosphate group.

Question 42

What is the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Answer 42

O2.