Macromolecules

Question 1

What is the monomer for a carbohydrate?

Answer 1

monosaccharide

Question 2

What is the polymer for a carbohydrate?

Answer 2

polysaccharide

Question 3

What is the purpose of a carbohydrate?

Answer 3

provide and store energy and promote digestion

Question 4

What type of linkage do carbohydrates use?

Answer 4

glycosodic linkage

Question 5

What are the four major classes of macromolecules?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucelic acids

Question 6

What does dehydration do?

Answer 6

Removes water to build a bond. Requires energy.

Question 7

What does hydrolysis do?

Answer 7

Adds water to break a bond. Creates energy.

Question 8

What type of bond do lipids use?

Answer 8

Ester bonds

Question 9

What is a saturated fatty acid?

Answer 9

Contains no carbon-carbon double bonds. Exists as solid at room temperature.

Question 10

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 10

Contains a carbon-carbon double bond. Liquid at room temperature. Has a kink. Can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.

Question 11

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 11

Contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 12

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 12

Contains one carbon-carbon double bond.

Question 13

What is a proteins monomer?

Answer 13

amino acid

Question 13

What is a proteins polymer?

Answer 13

polypeptide

Question 14

What bond do proteins use?

Answer 14

covalent peptide bond

Question 15

What is primary protein structure?

Answer 15

Unique sequence of amino acids. First structure. If something goes wrong here, the rest of the structures will be wrong.

Question 16

What is secondary protein structure?

Answer 16

Local folding of polypeptides. A helix and B-pleated sheets.

Question 17

What is denaturation?

Answer 17

Changes in protein structure that leads to changes in function. pH, temperature, and exposure to chemicals can denature proteins.

Question 18

What is quarternary protein structure?

Answer 18

In some proteins, multiple polypeptide units bind to form. Use weak bonding to maintain structure.

Question 19

What is tertiary protein structure?

Answer 19

Takes on 3D shape from weak bonding. All to do with R GROUPS.

Question 20

R Groups

Answer 20

holds key to chemical nature of a protein. Can be polar, non polar, etc.

Question 21

Polar R group

Answer 21

Rings; hydrophilic; generally outside of the protein.

Question 22

Non polar R group

Answer 22

Straight branched; hydrophobic. Hydrophobic will cluster in the interior of the protein.

Question 23

What do proteins do?

Answer 23

make enzymes, transport, regulation

Question 24

What do nucelic acids do?

Answer 24

transmit hereditary information

Question 25

What is a nucleic acids bond?

Answer 25

phosphodiester bond

Question 26

Which macromolecule uses phosphodiester bonds?

Answer 26

Nucelic acid

Question 27

What is a nucelic acids monomer?

Answer 27

nucelotide

Question 28

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 28

monomer of nucleic acids

Question 29

What is a nucleic acids polymer?

Answer 29

polynucelotide

Question 30

What is a polynucleotide?

Answer 30

a nucelic acids polymer

Question 31

What is a substrate?

Answer 31

Reactant that binds with an enzyme.

Question 32

What is a reactant that binds with an enzyme called?

Answer 32

substrate

Question 33

What is catabolism?

Answer 33

Metabolic process of breaking down complex molecules

Question 34

What is a group of enzymes that break down a complex molecule?

Answer 34

catabolism

Question 35

What is anabolism?

Answer 35

A group of enzyme used to build more complex molecules

Question 36

What is the metabolic process of BUILDING more complex molecules?

Answer 36

anabolism

Question 37

At room temperature, saturated fat is…

Answer 37

Solid.

Question 38

At room temperature, unsaturated fat is…

Answer 38

Liquid.