Transcription

Question 1

Description of RNA Polymerase action:

Begins transcription without a _____.
Reads the template strand from ___ to ____.
Synthesizes the RNA transcript ___ to ___ using ribonucleotides (NTPs)
Recognizes transcription ______ signals.

Answer 1

Primer
3’ to 5’
5’ to 3’
Termination

Question 2

Transcription begins with RNA polymerase identifying a gene’s ________.

Answer 2

Promoter region

Question 3

Transcription ends when a _______ is reached.

Answer 3

Termination signal

Question 4

By convention, genes are described by the sequence of the ______ strand. However, the _____ strand is actually the strand read during synthesis.

Answer 4

Coding

Template

Question 5

The DNA coding strand base sequence is identical to the RNA transcript sequence , except _____ has Us instead of Ts.

Answer 5

RNA

Question 6

Base sequences in DNA are numbered by giving the first base to be transcribed a __ designation with __, __, etc. in the ____ direction.

Answer 6

+1, +2, +3

3’ direction

Question 7

Downstream means to the _____.

Answer 7

Right, toward 3’ end.

Question 8

Upstream DNA bases mean to the ____. Toward the _____end.

Answer 8

Left

5’ end

Question 9

DNA Coding strand is identical to the ______ (except T for U)

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

DNA Template Strand is Complementary and Antiparallel to the ______.

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

Prokaryotic RNA polymerase:

_____+_____=holoenzyme

Answer 11

Core Enzyme + Sigma Factor = Holoenzyme

Question 12

Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase:
Core Enzyme has ___ subunits (List All) and has _____ activity.

______ is required for recognizing and binding promoter sequences.

Answer 12

4 (2 alpha, 1 beta, 1 beta’)

Sigma Factor

Question 13

Role of Sigma Factor:
1____
2____
3____

Answer 13

1 - Different sigma factors recognize different types of promoter sequences
2 - Recruits the core enzyme to the DNA Promoter
3 - Dissociates from the core enzyme after transcription begins

Question 14

Promoters - contain 2 consensus sequences that are recognized by sigma factor:
1___
2___

Answer 14

TATA Box

-35 Sequence

Question 15

TATA box is sometimes called the _____.

Answer 15

Pribnow box

Question 16

Prokaryotic RNA Synthesis:
Elongation creates a temporary _____ between the double stranded DNA forming a _______.

Supercoils may be relieved by _____.

Answer 16

Melt
Transcription Bubble
Topoisomerases

Question 17

Termination of Prokaryotic RNA Synthesis:
Rho-______ termination requires a G-C rich stem loop followed by a poly-U stretch (causes RNA polymerase to dissociate)
Rho-______ termination requires an additional protein (rho factor displaces the DNA template strand from RNA Polymerase)

Answer 17

Independent

Dependent

Question 18

Prokaryotic mRNAs can be _______.

-i.e., one mRNA can code for several proteins.

Answer 18

Polycystronic

Question 19

_______ mRNAs are ALWAYS monocistronic

Answer 19

Eukaryotic

Question 20

Eukaryotic mRNAs are ALWAYS ________.

Answer 20

Monocistronic

Question 21

This antibiotic binds to prokaryotic RNA polymerase and prevents transcription initiation/elongation and is used to treat tuberculosis.

Answer 21

Rifampin (Rifamycin)

Question 22

Rifampin (Rifamycin) is an antibiotic that binds to ___________ and prevents __________. It is used to treat _________.

Answer 22

Prokaryotic RNA polymerase
Transcription initiation/elongation
Tuberculosis

Question 23

Eukaryotic DNA is _______ (chromatin)

-to allow gene transcription the genes must be ‘exposed.’

Answer 23

Highly Condensed

Question 24

Euchromatin is ______ condensed and more accessible to _______.

Answer 24

Less,RNA polymerases

Question 25

Acetylation of histone H1 causes the chromatin to revert to _______.

Answer 25

Nucleosomes.

Question 26

Heteronormative appears _____ dense. DNA is relatively inaccessible due to its structure.

Answer 26

More

Question 27

DNA in heterochromatin is highly ________. This characteristic is the foundation of epigenetics.

Answer 27

Methylated

Question 28

Transcription Initiation in Eukaryotes:

RNA pol II recognizes 2 consensus regions, the ____ and ____.

Answer 28

TATA box

CAAT box

Question 29

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases:
RNA Polymerase I —-think _____
RNA Polymerase II —-think _____
RNA Polymerase III —think ______

Answer 29

rRNA
hnRNA
tRNA

Question 30

Eukaryotic RNA Synthesis:
Intervening sequences are called _____
Expressed sequences are called _______

Answer 30

Introns

Exons

Question 31

The removal of introns and the joining of exons by snRNPs is referred to as ________.

Answer 31

Splicing

Question 32

An excised intron is called a ______.

Answer 32

Lariat

Question 33

Clinical Correlation of Alternative Splicing:
This condition is characterized by a butterfly rash pattern on the face. Most often it is observed in ________ during their _________.

Answer 33

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Females during their late-teens

Question 34

Summarize Eukaryotic mRNA Processing (5 bullets):

Answer 34

Processing Events
5'Capping
3'-poly-adenylation
Splicing
mRNA is transported to cytoplasm

Question 35

_____ ______ accounts for 95% of all mushroom poisoning fatalities.

Answer 35

Genus Amanita

Question 36

____ _____ binds to RNA Polymerase II and inhibits mRNA synthesis (Mushroom Poisoning Slide)

Answer 36

Alpha-Amanitin