Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry (III) > Regulation of Gene Expression > Flashcards

Regulation of Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

Genes can generally be classified into 2 groups: _______ and _______ genes.

A

1) housekeeping genes

2) regulated genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These genes are involved in basic cellular functions and are constitutively expressed and not regulated.

A

Housekeeping Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These genes are only required in certain cell types or under certain conditions and are subject to various control mechanisms.

A

Regulated Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________: a multi step process that ultimately results in the production of a functional gene product (RNA or Protein).

A

Gene Expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For most genes, the main site of control is ___________ of _____ to ______.

A

Transcription
DNA
RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Beta-Actin is found in all tissues and is involved in basic cellular functions. Beta-Actin is an example of a ________ gene.

A

Housekeeping gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DNA in __________ cells are circular.

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA is transcribed into _______ which is then ________ into a _________.

A

mRNA
Translated
Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In prokaryotes, the amount of protein that is expressed is regulated at a __________ level.

A

Transcriptional level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Although there are other mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, the primary means of regulation is accomplished via ______.

A

Transcriptional control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________ genes are not always expressed. They are only expressed when necessary.

A

Structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The goal of any organism (From a biochemical perspective) is to ______ _____.

A

Conserve energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 basic types of operons?

A

1) Repressible

2) Inducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Repressible operons are usually _____.

A

On

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Lactose Operon is a ________ operon.

A

Inducible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ is the preferred carbon source for E. coli.

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An operon consists of a ______ region and an _______.

A

Promoter

Operator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The Repressor Protein is ALWAYS expressed. Which gene is the repressor protein in Lactose Operon expression in Prokaryotes?

A

lacI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Control of gene expression in __________ is more complex and includes regulation at __ different levels.

Why is it more complex?

A

Eukaryotes
5

More complex because we need more variety cell types

20
Q

List the 5 levels of regulation in Eukaryotic Gene Expression:

A 
Transcriptional
Post-Transcriptional
Translational
Post-Translational
Epigenetics
21
Q

_________: ‘around genetics’

A

Epigenetics

22
Q

Regulatory sequences of DNA are usually embedded in the ____________ region of the genome.

They are called ________ because they influence expression of genes only on the same chromosome.

A

Noncoding

Cis-acting

23
Q

Trans-acting proteins are __________.

A

Proteins

24
Q

Transcription factors are are __________ regulators.

A

Trans-acting

25
Q

Binding of trans-acting regulators to DNA is achieved by one of the following:
_____
_____
_____

A

1) Zinc Finger
2) Leucine zipper
3) Helix-turn-helix in the protein

26
Q

DNA sequences that increase the rate of initiation of transcription are called _______.

A

Enhancers

27
Q

Enhancers are typically found on __________.

A

The same chromosome.

28
Q

__________can be close to the gene they are controlling or thousands of base pairs away.

A

Enhancers

29
Q

Where can enhancers be located?

A

Upstream
downstream
Or even within intron regions or other chromosomes

30
Q

__________ can be brought close to the basal promoter by bending of the DNA molecule.

A

Enhancers

31
Q

True or False:

Enhancers can act in a tissue specific manner

A

True

32
Q

PEPCK gene expression is induced by _________.

A

Cortisol

33
Q

PEPCK is an enzyme from the ___________ pathway.

A

Gluconeogenic

34
Q

True or False: steroid hormones are fat soluble

A

TRUE

35
Q

GRE stands for:

A

Glucocorticoid response element

36
Q

Over ___% of genes in humans undergo alternative splicing.

An example is _________: an actin filament-binding protein, interaction with the cytoskeleton in most cells, and the contractile apparatus of muscle cells, undergoes tissue specific alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms of the protein.

A

60

Tropomyosin

37
Q

The following are all examples of which type of control? Alternative splicing, mRNA editing, mRNA stability….

A

Post-transcriptional control

38
Q

Apo B mRNA is made in the _____ and in the ____ _______.

In the _______ only, the C residue in the CAA codon for glutamine is delaminated to U, changing the sense codon to a nonsense or stop codon.

A

Liver
Small intestine
Intestine

39
Q

RNAi (RNA Interference) is a increasing field of research in reducing _____ _______.

A

Gene expression

40
Q

Neovascular AMD is triggered by overproduction of ________.

A

(VEGF) vascular endothelial growth factor

41
Q

Overproduction of VEGF may lead to the development of ____________ behind the retina.

A

Excess blood vesssels sprouting

42
Q

siRNAs, when introduced into a cell from exogenous sources can trigger _______, ultimately silencing certain gene expressions.

A

RNAi

43
Q

When elF2 is _________, translation is blocked.

A

Phosphorylated

44
Q

During post-translational control, protein folding is directed by _______.

A

Chaperones

45
Q

_________ are regions in DNA rich in CG that are prone to modifications.

A

CpG islands

46
Q

__________: mobile segments of DNA that move in a random manner from one site to another on the same or a different chromosome.

Movement is mediated by _________, an enzyme encoded by the Tn itself.

Movement can be ________ or _________.

A

Transposons (Tns)
Transposase
Direct or Replicative

47
Q

Transposition has contributed to the structural variation in the genome but it is also associated with disease, examples of which include: (name 3)

A

Hemophilia A
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Biochemistry (III) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions