Transcription

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

theory that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 2

Template Strand

Answer 2

3’ to 5’ (Top)

Question 3

Non-Template/ Coding Strand

Answer 3

5’ to 3’ (Bottom)
nucleotide sequence identical to new mRNA transcript (Switch T’s to U’s)
-mRNA sequence= 3 base pair codons that code to a specific AA which makes up a protein chain.

Question 4

Clicker:
What corresponds to the DNA coding strand for
this mRNA transcript?

5’-AUG AUA UAA AGG GAA-3’

Answer 4

5’-ATG ATA TAA AGG GAA-3’

Question 5

RNA Polymerase

Answer 5

enzyme responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.
-reads DNA strand 3’ to 5’

Question 6

Three steps of Transcription?

Answer 6

1.) Initiation
2.) Elongation
3.) Termination

Question 7

Modification of mRNA transcript (2)
-When does this occur?

Answer 7

Occurs before exiting the nucleus

1.) both ends of pre-mRNA modified
2.) Intron sequences removed

Question 8

Purpose of Intro sequences?

Answer 8

Allow for variety of splicing

Question 9

1.) Why are the ends of mRNA capped?
2.) How are they capped?

Answer 9

1.) protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes/ help ribosome attach to 5’ end for protein synthesis (translation)
2.) 5’ end =nucleotide cap (; 3’ end=poly-A tail

*5’ Nucleotide Cap: modified guanine -3 phosphate groups attached
*Poly-A tail: Long chain of Adenines that make the RNA more stable/prevent degradation

Question 10

Spliceosome

Answer 10

removes introns, exons ligated together.

Question 11

Clicker:
A specific gene is known to code for three different but related proteins.
This could be due to which of the following processes?

A. Premature mRNA degradation
B. Alternative RNA splicing
C. Use of different enhancers
D. Protein degradation
E. Differential transport

Answer 11

B.) Alternative RNA splicing