Transcription

Question 1

Transcription provides the intermediate between

Answer 1

genetic information DNA and proteins

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Question 3

Transcription is catalyzed by

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

RNA is synthesized from

Answer 4

5’ to 3’

Question 5

Coding strand is also known as

Answer 5

sense strand

Question 6

template strand is also known as

Answer 6

anti-sense strand

Question 7

The newly synthesized RNA is ____ to one of the DNA strands called anti-sense strand

Answer 7

complementary

Question 8

Synthesis of mRNA by RNA polymerase uses a

Answer 8

DNA template strand

Question 9

Required for transcription

Answer 9

ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP
no RNA primer needed

Question 10

Sigma subunit of RNA polymerase recognizes the

Answer 10

promoter sequence at the 5’ end of the genes

Question 11

Transcription initiation and elongation in how is it different from DNA synthesis

Answer 11

no primer is needed

Question 12

RNA Pol is semi accurate meaning

Answer 12

1 error in 10.000 bp

Question 13

Why can transcription have a higher error rate

Answer 13

mutations in RNA are not inherited

Question 14

Mechanisms for transcription termination

Answer 14

intrinsic
Rho-dependent

Question 15

Operons

Answer 15

a group of genes close together that code for proteins involved in a common metabolic pathway

Question 16

Transcription of operons is usually regulated by

Answer 16

environmental/metabolic demands

Question 17

When no lactose is present

Answer 17

repression of Lac operon
- lac I repressor binds to operator sequence and prevents transcription of Lac operon

Question 18

Transcription in eukaryotes uses how many polymerases

Answer 18

Three RNA polymerases

Question 19

Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic RNA polymerases don’t use

Answer 19

sigma factor

Question 20

What transitions from transcription initiation to elongation

Answer 20

RNA polymerase II becomes phosphorylated at its C-terminal domain
can no longer bind a mediator complex

Question 21

The condensation of chromatin in chromosomes does what to gene expression

Answer 21

silences it

Question 22

The presence of nucleosomes does what to transcription

Answer 22

represses it

Question 23

Nucleosome sliding does what

Answer 23

exposes different segments of DNA

Question 24

transcription factors

Answer 24

helix-turn-helix
zinc fingers
leucine zipper

Question 25

Helix-turn-helix motif

Answer 25

both helices have glutamine or alanine which can H-bond with adenine and guanine

Question 26

Zinc finger motif

Answer 26

zinc finger proteins are able to wrap around the major groove of DNA

Question 27

Why is mRNA shorter than template

Answer 27

introns are spliced out

Question 28

as a result of alternative splicing

Answer 28

a given gene can generate more than one protein product

Question 29

Alternative splicing explains

Answer 29

why humans are vastly more complex than organisms that have comparable number of genes

Question 30

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 30

5’ cap
splicing
polyadenylation