Chapter 3- Genes to Proteins

Question 1

DNA is located in the cytoplasm of bacteria. It is _____ in prokaryotes (bacteria)

Answer 1

circular

Question 2

The DNA or genome is located in the _____ of eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

DNA is ____ in eukaryotes and contained within chromosomes

Answer 3

linear

Question 4

Genes are composed of

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

Some genes code for _____ molecules

Answer 5

functional RNA

Question 6

In a nondividing cell the chromatin are

Answer 6

uncompacted

Question 7

A nucleotide consist of

Answer 7

a nitrogen base
a monosaccharide (ribose)
at least one phosphate

Question 8

Purines have how many rings

Answer 8

2

Question 9

Pyrimidines have how many rings

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Purines

Answer 10

Adenine
Guanine

Question 11

Pyramidines

Answer 11

Cytosine
Thymine

Question 12

RNA contains _____ rather than thymine

Answer 12

uracil

Question 13

Nucleoside

Answer 13

nitrogen base and ribose sugar

Question 14

nucleotide

Answer 14

nucleoside with a phosphate group

Question 15

Phosphates attach to the

Answer 15

sugar of the nucleotide
usually the C5’ of the sugar

Question 16

Coenzyme A contains

Answer 16

adenosine

Question 17

How do nucleotides link

Answer 17

via sugar in phosphodiester backbone
with phosphodiester bonds

Question 18

Nucleotides are linked ______ by phosphodiester bonds

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

The sugar backbone is

Answer 19

constant

Question 20

The nitrogen bases are

Answer 20

variable

Question 21

A-T has how many bonds

Answer 21

2

Question 22

G-C has how many bonds

Answer 22

3

Question 23

DNA double helix strands are

Answer 23

anti-parallel

Question 24

DNA is _____ charged

Answer 24

negatively

Question 25

B-DNA

Answer 25

natural form
right handed helix-points upwards

Question 26

RNA is

Answer 26

single stranded

Question 27

The sugar in RNA is

Answer 27

ribose

Question 28

The sugar in DNA is

Answer 28

deoxyribose

Question 29

Base stacking

Answer 29

hydrophobic interactions between adjacent bases
32 degree rotation

Question 30

The stability of a DNA double helix depends mostly on

Answer 30

stacking interactions

Question 31

DNA can

Answer 31

denature-unfold and renature (refold, anneal)

Question 32

Evolution occurs due to

Answer 32

favorable changes in the sequence of nitrogen bases in the DNA over time

Question 33

The sequence of nitrogen bases in the DNA of identical twins is

Answer 33

the same

Question 34

the 3-D arrangement of all atoms of the DNA

Answer 34

supercoiling

Question 35

supercoiling allows

Answer 35

the DNA to fit into a 3-10 microns nucleus

Question 36

Supercoiling of eukaryotic DNA occurs through complexes with proteins called

Answer 36

histones

Question 37

Histones are ____ proteins

Answer 37

positively charged

Question 38

a complex of DNA wound around histones in a bead-like structure

Answer 38

chromatin

Question 39

Structure of chromatin

Answer 39

beads on a string

Question 40

Histone proteins

Answer 40

H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
2 of each

Question 41

DNA wrapped around histones produce

Answer 41

nucleosomes

Question 42

Central Dogma

Answer 42

DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein

Question 43

translation

Answer 43

protein synthesis

Question 44

translation requires

Answer 44

rRNA within ribosomes and tRNA to bring amino acids

Question 45

a mutated gene can cause

Answer 45

disease

Question 46

which fatty acid is commonly attached to soluble proteins to allow membrane localization

Answer 46

myristic acid

Question 47

when transaminase enzyme is in the ____ form, it will only react with ____

Answer 47

pyridoxal
alpha amino acid

Question 48

The hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue is catalyzed by the enzyme

Answer 48

hormone sensitive lipase