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Biochemistry > Chapter 3- Genes to Proteins > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Genes to Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

DNA is located in the cytoplasm of bacteria. It is _____ in prokaryotes (bacteria)

A

circular

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2
Q

The DNA or genome is located in the _____ of eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus

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3
Q

DNA is ____ in eukaryotes and contained within chromosomes

A

linear

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4
Q

Genes are composed of

A

DNA

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5
Q

Some genes code for _____ molecules

A

functional RNA

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6
Q

In a nondividing cell the chromatin are

A

uncompacted

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7
Q

A nucleotide consist of

A

a nitrogen base
a monosaccharide (ribose)
at least one phosphate

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8
Q

Purines have how many rings

A

2

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9
Q

Pyrimidines have how many rings

A

1

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10
Q

Purines

A

Adenine
Guanine

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11
Q

Pyramidines

A

Cytosine
Thymine

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12
Q

RNA contains _____ rather than thymine

A

uracil

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13
Q

Nucleoside

A

nitrogen base and ribose sugar

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14
Q

nucleotide

A

nucleoside with a phosphate group

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15
Q

Phosphates attach to the

A

sugar of the nucleotide
usually the C5’ of the sugar

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16
Q

Coenzyme A contains

A

adenosine

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17
Q

How do nucleotides link

A

via sugar in phosphodiester backbone
with phosphodiester bonds

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18
Q

Nucleotides are linked ______ by phosphodiester bonds

A

5’ to 3’

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19
Q

The sugar backbone is

A

constant

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20
Q

The nitrogen bases are

A

variable

21
Q

A-T has how many bonds

A

2

22
Q

G-C has how many bonds

A

3

23
Q

DNA double helix strands are

A

anti-parallel

24
Q

DNA is _____ charged

A

negatively

25
Q

B-DNA

A

natural form
right handed helix-points upwards

26
Q

RNA is

A

single stranded

27
Q

The sugar in RNA is

A

ribose

28
Q

The sugar in DNA is

A

deoxyribose

29
Q

Base stacking

A

hydrophobic interactions between adjacent bases
32 degree rotation

30
Q

The stability of a DNA double helix depends mostly on

A

stacking interactions

31
Q

DNA can

A

denature-unfold and renature (refold, anneal)

32
Q

Evolution occurs due to

A

favorable changes in the sequence of nitrogen bases in the DNA over time

33
Q

The sequence of nitrogen bases in the DNA of identical twins is

A

the same

34
Q

the 3-D arrangement of all atoms of the DNA

A

supercoiling

35
Q

supercoiling allows

A

the DNA to fit into a 3-10 microns nucleus

36
Q

Supercoiling of eukaryotic DNA occurs through complexes with proteins called

A

histones

37
Q

Histones are ____ proteins

A

positively charged

38
Q

a complex of DNA wound around histones in a bead-like structure

A

chromatin

39
Q

Structure of chromatin

A

beads on a string

40
Q

Histone proteins

A

H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
2 of each

41
Q

DNA wrapped around histones produce

A

nucleosomes

42
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-protein

43
Q

translation

A

protein synthesis

44
Q

translation requires

A

rRNA within ribosomes and tRNA to bring amino acids

45
Q

a mutated gene can cause

A

disease

46
Q

which fatty acid is commonly attached to soluble proteins to allow membrane localization

A

myristic acid

47
Q

when transaminase enzyme is in the ____ form, it will only react with ____

A

pyridoxal
alpha amino acid

48
Q

The hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue is catalyzed by the enzyme

A

hormone sensitive lipase

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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