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Biochemistry > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

DNA replication is

A

semi-conservative

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2
Q

Semi-conservative

A

each daughter double helix contains one template strand and one newly synthesized strand

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3
Q

protein involved in replicating double-stranded DNA

A

DNA polymerase

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4
Q

Challenges in DNA replication

A

synthesis of two new daughter strands goes in opposite directions

how to unwind and separate the two parental strands

how to protect unwound portions from attack by nuclease

how to prevent errors in replication

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5
Q

Negative supercoiling of chromosomal DNA makes it

A

underwound

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6
Q

Underwinding DNA makes it

A

easier for the individual strands to be separated

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7
Q

Two strands of DNA are separated by

A

hexameric helicase

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8
Q

Volu=nerability of single-stranded DNA is defended by

A

Single stranded DNA binding domains (SSBs)

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9
Q

SSB in eukaryotes

A

protein A

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10
Q

DNA double helix unwinds at a specific point called

A

origin of replication

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11
Q

At each origin of replication, there are

A

two replication forks

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12
Q

According to the factory model of replication

A

protein machinery is stationary and DNA moves through it

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13
Q

Leading strand

A

synthesized continuously from 5’ to 3’ end at the replication fork on the exposed 3’ to 5’ template strand

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14
Q

lagging strand

A

synthesized semidiscontinously in small fragments or Okazaki fragments

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15
Q

Fragments of the lagging strand are linked together by

A

enzyme- DNA ligase

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16
Q

Prokaryotic DNA polymerases

A

DNA Pol I
DNA Pol III
DNA Pol II

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17
Q

DNA Pol I does what

A

repair and patching of DNA

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18
Q

DNA Pol III does what

A

main enzyme for synthesizing new DNA strand

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19
Q

DNA Pol II does what

A

proofreading and repair enzyme

20
Q

DNA gyrase

A

relieves positive supercoils and relieves torsional strain

21
Q

Helicase

A

unwinds DNA helix and causes strand to separate

22
Q

SSB

A

stabilizes single stranded regions and prevents reannealing of DNA

23
Q

Primase

A

synthesizes the RNA primer

24
Q

DNA ligase

A

seals nicks in DNA

25
Q

DNA Pol I

A

removes the RNA primer

26
Q

DNA Pol III

A

responsible for new strand synthesis

27
Q

Pol

A

abbreviation for polymerase

28
Q

DNA gyrase is considered a

A

type II topoisomerase

29
Q

DNA gyrase creates a _____ in relaxed circular DNA relieving the supercoiling

A

nick

30
Q

Energy for DNA gyrase to do its job is provided by

A

hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi

31
Q

what serves as a primer in DNA replication

A

RNA

32
Q

Primase uses the DNA template strand to

A

produce RNA primer sequence

33
Q

Newly formed DNA is linked to the

A

3’-OH of the RNA primer

34
Q

Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand due to

A

the requirement for DNA synthesis in the 5’ to 3’ direction

35
Q

As the replication fork moves away, the RNA primer is removed by

A

DNA polymerase I

36
Q

____ makes the final covalent bond between Okazaki fragments

A

DNA ligase

37
Q

DNA synthesis is bi-

A

directional

38
Q

DNA replication occurs during the

A

S phase

39
Q

Errors in DNA replication cause

A

mutations

40
Q

Errors in replication spontaneously perhaps once in

A

10^6 base pairs

41
Q

Proofreading reduces errors to once in

A

10^10 base pairs

42
Q

Proofreading involves the removal of

A

nucleotides immediately after they are added to the growing DNA strand during replication

43
Q

3’-5’ exonuclease activity of DNA Pol does what

A

removes incorrect nucleotides during DNA synthese

44
Q

Mutagens

A

agents that bring about a mutation

45
Q

Thymidine dimers

A

dimerization of adjacent thymidine caused by UV light

46
Q

Modified bases that cannot be directly repaired can be

A

removed and replaced

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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