TRANS (Part 2) Flashcards
Microscopically with tapered ends appearing like toothpick
Fusobacterium
nucleatum
With “bifid” ends/appearing like bone shaped dog biscuit
Bifidobacterium
- Anaerobic bacilli that assume safety pin appearance and may show resistance to Kanamycin, Vancomycin and Colistin in Potency disk test
- Bile tolerant
- Can cause aspiration pneumonia
Bacteroides fragilis
Anaerobic diphtheroid
Propionibacterium spp.
Spot Indole Test (+) organism; color
Cutibacterium acnes
(+) Blue/Green
Spot Indoles Test (-) organism; color
Propionibacterium spp.
(-) Pink/orange
- Reagent used in spot indole test
- Same reagent used in PYR test for S. pyogenes (major throat pathogen
P-dimethylaminoacinamaldehyde
Used to verify gram staining result of anaerobic bacteria
Potency Disk test
What are the antibiotics used in Potency disk test, give their amount
- Kanamycin (1000 ug)
- Vancomycin (5 ug)
- Colistin (10 ug)
KVC
RRR
B. fragilis
KVC
SRS
Fusobacterium, B. ureolyticus, Veilonella
KVC
SSR
Clostridium
KVC
RSR
Porphyromonas, P. anaerobius
KVC
RRS
Prevotella
SPS (Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate) - sensitive
P. anaerobius
Remedy to counteract the inihibitory property of P. anaerobius
Add 1% gelatin
Anticoagulant often use in bacterial culture
0.25% SPS
Shows swarming on BAP
C. tetani and C. septicum (Spore forming anaerobes)
- Can develop colonies appearing like molar tooth
- Can cause actinomycosis of Jaw – Lumpy jaw (affecting soft tissue)
Actinomyces Israelii
Anaerobic staphylococcus
Peptococcus niger
Anaerobic streptococcus
Peptostreptococcus
Important component of dental biofilm
Prevotella
A versatile media an often used in the lab because it can allow growth of anaerobe, facultative anaerobes and aerobes
Thioglycolate
Growth at the bottom
Anaerobes
Diffuse growth all throughout the media
Facultative anaerobes
Growth towards the surface
Strict Aerobes
- Gram negative organism
- Strict aerobes
- Significant organisms: B. pertussis, B. bronchiseptica, B. parapertussis they can cause respiratory disease
Genus Bordetella
Recommended media for Bordetella
Regan Lowe
Traditional media used to isolate Bordetella
Potato Blood Glycerol agar
Motile Bordetella
B. bronchiseptica
Non-motile Bordetella
B. pertussis and B. parapertussis
Refers to F. tularensis (accd. to Mahon)
Jellison Type A
- A potential bioterrorism agent
- Unable to grow on ordinary media, requires special media
- Pathogenic and may cause Tularemia, Market men rabbit fever, deerfly fever, Lemming disease, water rat trapper disease
F. tularensis
With special requirement for cystine, cysteine and thiosulfate
F. tularensis
Used to cultivate F. tularensis
Blood Cystine Glucose Agar (BCGA)
- Genus considered as animal flora, usually found in placental tissues (they cause abortion in animals)
- Strict aerobes
- Inhibited by dyes
- Also an agent of Bioterrorism
Genus Brucella
Bang’s bacillus
Cattles
B. abortus
Goat
B. melitensis
Swine/Pigs
B. suis
B. canis
Dogs
Brucella species not classified as bioterrorism agent and not detected thru SAT
B. canis
Rapid test for Brucellosis detection
Serum Agglutination Test (SAT)
Significant titer of SAT
1:160
Other terms for Brucellosis
Mediterranean fever / Malta fever / Undulant fever / Gibraltar fever in man (a febrile disease)
Optimal specimen for brucellosis detection
Blood
Routine blood culture may be done for
7 days
To detect brucellosis, it may take
3-4 weeks
Inhibited by thionine (will not grow on media with thionine)
B. abortus
Inhibited by basic fuchsin (will not grow on media with basic fuchsin)
B. suis and B. canis
L. pneumophila causes
Legionnaire’s disease (form of pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (nonpneumonic forn, febrile dse)
Isolation media for L. pneumophila because it cannot grow on ordinary media
Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE)
HACEK members are causative agent of
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
- Agent of Human bite wound/Clenched fist wounds
- Part of HACEK, normal flora but can cause SBE
- Pits and corrodes agar
- Colonies with bleach like odor
- Assacharolytic
Eikenella corrodens
Animal bite wound, colonies with musty odor
Pasteurella multocida
Normal flora of oral cavity but can cause SBE
H. parainfluenzae
- Previously under Haemophilus
- Normal flora but can cause SBE
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
- Star shaped colonies
- Grows together with A. israelii
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
- Twitching motility
- Can cause infection of the bones and heart SBE
Kingella Kingae
Rosette arrangement on gram-stained smears
Cardiobacterium hominis
Regarded as nonfermenters (not normal flora and usually found in hospital), oxidizers which is capable of producing acids only under aerobic condition/presence of air
- Genus Pseudomonas
- Genus Stenotrophomonas
- Genus Burkholderia
- Genus Acinetobacter
- # 1 ICU isolate,
- Strict aerobe, oxidase (+), beta hemolytic on BAP
- Produces colonies with and odor similar to an overripe grapes, taco-corn tortilla-like odor
- Can develop both pyocyanin and pyoverdin
P. aeruginosa
Agent of pneumonia in those with cystic fibrosis, causes ecthyma gangrenosum, jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome because it can grow on wet environment
P. aeruginosa
Media for initial isolation of P. aeruginosa
Toxic to many bacteria
Cetrimide Agar
Non-motile and oxidase (-)
Another nonfermenter
Genus Acinetobacter
Nonfermenter
Significant pathogens: B. mallei and B. pseudomallei
Genus Burkholderia
- Also known as Glander’s bacillus
- Glander’s disease (respiratory dse.)
B. mallei
- Also known as Whitmore’s bacillus
- Melioidosis (respiratory dse.), Vietnam time bomb
B. pseudomallei
Colonies with earthy odor on ashdown media
B. pseudomallei
Both capable of producing wrinkled colonies
P. stutzeri and P. pseudomallei
Both capable of producing wrinkled colonies
P. stutzeri and P. pseudomallei
Cause transfusion associated septicemia
P. fluorescens and P. putida
Compared to P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. putida can only develop
Pyoverdin
Differential test for P. fluorescens and P. putida
Gelatin Hydrolysis test
P. fluorescens: Gelatin Hydrolysis result
Positive
P. putida: Gelantin Hydrolysis result
Negative
Detect fermentation or acid production
OF (Oxidative Fermentative) media of Hugh and Leifson
- High carbohydrate (CHO) but low peptone content
- CHO = Glucose
OF (Oxidative Fermentative) media of Hugh and Leifson
pH indicator of OF (Oxidative Fermentative) media of Hugh and Leifson
Bromthymol blue
Open tube is for
Aerobic culture
Closed tube is for
Anaerobic culture
Color of positive result in OF Media (H&L)
Yellow
Color of negative result in OF Media (H&L)
Green/Blue green
Interpret: (+) in both open and closed tubes
FERMENTER (organism was able to produce acid with or without air)
Interpret: (+) in open and (-) in closed tube
OXIDIZER/NON-FERMENTER (organism was able to produce acid only under aerobic condition but not anaerobically, oxidizer are seldom used term in the lab)
Interpret: (-) in both open and closed tube
NON-OXIDIZER/NON-SACCHAROLYTIC (organism was unable to produce acid aerobically and anaerobically)
Indicator in OF media – CDC Method
Phenol red
Color of positive result (CDC method)
Yellow
Color of negative result (CDC method)
Red
Usual media to detect acid production of Enterobacteriaceae
TSI (Triple Sugar Iron)
pH indicator of TSI
Phenol red
TSI contains 3 fermentable carbohydrated
- 1 part glucose
- 10 parts sucrose
- 10 parts lactose
TSI media can also be used as H2S indicators because it has
ferrous sulfate and sodium thiosulfate
Acid (+): Color
Yellow (A)
Alkaline (-): Color
Red (K)
Interpret: Red slant and butt
K/K = Non-fermenter
Intrepret: Red slant and Yellow butt
K/A = Non-Lactose fermenter
Example of Non-Lactose fermenter
(Shigella spp. PPM)
Interpret: Yellow slant and Yellow butt
A/A = Lactose fermenter
Example of Lactose fermenter
E.coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella
Example of Late Lactose fermenter
Citrobacter, Y. enterocolitica, S. sonnei
Usual media to detect acid production of non-fermenters increased CHO and Low peptone content
OF Media of Hugh and Leifson
TSI result of non-fermenters
K/K (P. aeruginosa, strict aerobe)
TSI result of Enterobacteriaceae (All glucose +, facultative aerobe)
K/A or A/A
OF media result of Enterobacteriaceae
Both (+) in open and closed tube
OF media result of non-fermenters (P. aeruginosa)
(+) open tube and (-) for closed tube
TSI result of non-lactose fermenters
K/A