Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTERIOLOGY (finals) > Chap 36-BOOK (Part 2) > Flashcards

Chap 36-BOOK (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most important cultures for rapid, accurate results.

A

Blood culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To cleanse the skin we must use

A

70% to 95% ethanol or isopropyl followed by 2% tincture of iodine or chlorhexidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

For patients who have IV lines through which they are getting fluids and/or medications, blood must be drawn

A

Below the line because blood drawn above the line will be diluted with the fluid being transfused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The optimal ratio of blood to culture

A

1 : 5 to 1 : 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In cases in which a 1 : 5 dilution cannot be achieved, this can be added to the bottle

A

0.025% to 0.050% of SPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ratio of blood to broth

A

1 : 5 to 1 : 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organisms are immediately cleared from the peripheral system by the reticuloendothelial system.

A

Transient bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recommended that blood culture specimens be collected before an anticipated temperature rise to ensure maximum recovery.

A

Intermittent bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Constantly released into the bloodstream and therefore are likely to be isolated whenever the blood culture specimen is taken

A

Continuous bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Standard recommended procedure for blood cultures

A

Inoculation of separate aerobic and anaerobic bottles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

he typical aerobic culture bottle contains media that is nutritionally enriched, such as

A

Soybean casein digest broth, peptone broth, tryptic or trypticase soy broth, brain-heart infusion, Brucella broth, or Columbia broth base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

May be added to permit the growth of certain thiol-requiring organ-sms, and the media may be prereduced to decrease the oxidation- reduction potential to help support the growth of anaerobes.

A

0.5% cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a resin that nonspecifically absorbs any antimicrobial agent present in the patient’s blood,

A

Antimicrobial removal device (ARD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SPS inhibits the growth of certain organisms, notably

A

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, N. gonor- rhoeae, N. meningitidis, and Gardnerella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is a structural relative of SPS that is less effective in neutralizing serum bactericidal activity and is inhibitory to Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A

Sodium amylosulfate (SAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An anticoagulant, is inhibitory to some gram-positive cocci.

A

Sodium citrate (0.5% to 1.0%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sometimes used as an osmotic stabilizer.

A

Sucrose (10% to 30%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

blood culture bottles are typically incubated at

A

35° C ± 2° C for 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

was designed from the original biphasic (solid agar and broth combination) blood culture medium called the

A

Casteneda culture bottle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most organisms will grow within

A

48 hours of inoculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Manual blood culture system in which blood is inoculated into a bottle containing a liquid medium that will support the growth of aerobes, anaerobes, and microaerophiles

A

Oxoid Signal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Provide optimal recovery of unusual fastidious bacteria such as Bartonella, yeasts, and dimorphic fungi mycobacteria

A

Lysis centrifugation method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

These are noninvasive, continuous- monitoring blood culture instruments that use fluorescence to detect CO2

A

Bactec 9000 series and BD FX

24
Q

it detects the consumption or production of multiple gases (CO2, H2, and O2) by organisms growing in the culture medium.

A

VersaTREK

25
Q

Fully automated, nonradiomet- ric blood culture system, the BacT/ALERT 3D System, consists of aerobic and anaerobic bottles with pH-sensitive membranes placed in the bottom of the bottles.

A

BacT/ALERT 3D System

26
Q

causative agent of tularemia, is best recovered from a liquid blood culture medium to which L-cysteine and glucose have been
added.

A

F. tularensis

27
Q

Best recovered early in
the disease before onset of symptoms. Uses Fletcher’s media

A

Leptospira spp.

28
Q

Conventional, manual blood culture medium (Ruiz Castañeda) should be held for up to 6 weeks at 35° C ± 2° C

A

Brucella

29
Q

Adequately recovered using standard broth culture bottles because of the vitamin B6 present in human blood

A

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

30
Q

performed with a confluent growth of the test organism on a blood agar plate.

A

staphylococci streak test

31
Q

subcultured onto selective media or enriched media such as CHOC and incubated in a microaerophilic environment at 42°C for 48 hours

A

Camplobacter spp. (C. jejuni)

32
Q

subcultured onto selective media or enriched media such as CHOC and incubated in a microaerophilic environment at 42°C for 48 hours

A

Camplobacter spp. (C. jejuni)

33
Q

most common fastidious bacterium reported in the literature as causing endocarditis.

A

Coxiella burnetii

34
Q

best isolated using lysis centrifugation and plating the concentrated blood onto freshly prepared media containing 5% horse or rabbit blood

A

Bartonella spp.

35
Q

known causes of endocarditis and will grow in blood culture bottles within 5 days. Extended incubation

A

HACEK

36
Q

Media in the bottles contains a lysing agent and enrichment (Middlebrook-based) designed for long incubation periods, up to 6 weeks

A

Mycobacterium spp.

37
Q

The presence of fungi in the blood is termed

A

Fungemia

38
Q

presence of viruses in the blood

A

Viremia

39
Q

Has been demonstrated to be occasionally contaminated with Burkholderia cepacia and Enterobacter spp.

A

Benzalkonium chloride

40
Q

Contamination of certain iodine solutions, such as povidone-iodine, with

A

B. cepacia has also been reported. Con- tamination with Serratia marcescens and Moraxella spp

41
Q

This test can be used to determine
whether gram-positive cocci in clusters growing in a blood culture are S. aureus (coagulase-positive) or CoNS.

A

Direct Tube Coagulase.

42
Q

Uses an oligonucleotide or peptide nucleic acid probe with a fluorescent label. Although this is a molecular method, there is no amplification of

A

Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

43
Q

Methods using nucleic acid amplification, such as the polymerase chain reaction assay, which can identify microorganisms growing in a blood culture, are increasingly available.

A

Nucleic Acid Amplification Methods

44
Q

Most common cause of admissions and death in intensive care units and rates are increasing.

A

Sepsis

45
Q

considered the “gold standard”, they are positive in only about one-third of sepsis cases and generally require 3 to 5 days for a positive result

A

Blood culture

46
Q

classic indicators of sepsis

A

elevated white blood cell count, fever, elevated C-reactive protein, and hypotension,

47
Q

defined as an objectively measured characteristic that indicates a normal biologic or pathogenic process, or pharmacologic response to therapy

A

Biomarker

48
Q

defined as an objectively measured characteristic that indicates a normal biologic or pathogenic process, or pharmacologic response to therapy

A

Biomarker

49
Q

a peptide released in response to proinflammatory stimuli, is regarded as a potential biomarker for sepsis.

A

Procalcitonin

50
Q

Has been found to be helpful in indicating severe sepsis, particularly when used with C-reactive protein or procal- citonin levels

A

serum lactate (lactic acid)

51
Q

mainstay of treatment of bacteremia

A

Antimicrobial agents

52
Q

Are frequently used for initial empiric therapy, and a combination of agents may be used to ensure coverage of several possible pathogens.

A

Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents

53
Q

Is a fundamental method for management of the septic patient.

A

Resuscitation with IV fluids to maintain tissue perfusion

54
Q

shown in clinical trials to decrease mortality in patients with septic shock

A

drotrecogin alfa, also known as activated protein C

55
Q

Drotrecogin alfa inhibits factors

A

Va and VIIIa

56
Q

potent antiinflammatory action; interest in the treatment of sepsis

A

glucocorticoids

57
Q

Aimed at blocking the action of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokine mediators of sepsis have been studied in the treatment of sepsis.

A

Anticytokine Therapies

BACTERIOLOGY (finals) (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions