Chap 34-BOOK (Part 2) Flashcards
It is usually acquired by ingestion of contaminated water or via person-to-person spread. Because the organ- ism lives in mountain streams, campers and others who engage in outdoor activities are at risk of infection if they drink contaminated water.
G. lamblia
Yield of finding the parasite is higher if _ are obtained through endoscopy or the string test.
duodenal aspirates
Can cause GI and disseminated dse. characterized by fever and bloody diarrhea
E. histolytica
Causes an illness characterized by abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and anorexia.
Cryptosporidium parvum
Associated with outbreaks of diarrhea from contaminated water, food, and produce
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Most cases are self-limited and consist of watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps in healthy individuals
Cystoisospora belli
This organism is an important cause of diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in patients with AIDS.
Microsporidia
Associated with eating contaminated sushi or sashimi.
Anisakis infection
Associated with eating contaminated sushi or sashimi.
Anisakis infection
Chemical intoxications are often associated with fish consumption is the typical presentation of
Scombroid
Caused by a toxin, ciguatoxin, produced by dino- flagellate (associated with eating snapper, sea bass, grouper or barracuda(
Ciguatera
Associated with eating contaminated clams, mussels, and scallops
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
One of the deadliest toxins can be found in the puffer fish
Tetrodotoxin
enerally do not cause disease in healthy indi- viduals, but cause significant disease in a susceptible host.
Opportunistic pathogens
Typically causes pulmonary disease, can disseminate and cause infection of the GI tract in immunocompromised individuals.
Mycobacterial disease
Opportunistic virus that can lead to diarrhea. Can cause esophageal ulcers leading to painful swallowing and colitis
CMV
Preservative for Ova and Parasite
Polyvinyl alcohol or formalin
If rectal swabs are to be processed, this medium is used for transportation
Cary Blair
If rectal swabs are to be processed, this medium is used for transportation
Cary Blair
Presence of gram-negative, curved rods with a seagull wing appearance suggest
Campylobacter and Vibrio
Hanging drop is used for
C. jejuni
Darting motility may be seen in
E. histolytica
Grows best at 42°C in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen content (5% to 10%), which makes them microaerophilic organisms.
C. jejuni
Fragile and do not survive well outside the human host for long periods of time.
Shigella
Normal inhabitant of the human GI tract.
E. coli
Grow well at cooler temperatures of 25° C. The use of certain selective media, such as cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar
Yersinia spp.
Require highly selective media for recovery. inoculated on thiosulfate– citrate–bile salts–sucrose (TCBS) agar for maximal yield.
Vibrio spp.
Produces yellow, ground-glass colonies on cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar.
C. difficile
The best hydration solution contains both
Glucose and Sodium
IV infusion must be an
Isotonic solution
Can be effective in shortening the course of traveler’s diarrhea, especially when caused by ETEC
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
A short course of a macrolide
azithromycin
Two pathogens have been effectively targeted by a vaccine to help decrease the burden of disease,
Rotavirus and Salmonella typhi
Media used to recover Enterobacteriaceae
MacConkey Agar
Highly selective medium to recover primarily Salmonella and Shigella spp.; contains indicators to detect hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production
Hektoen enteric (HE) agar
Differential and selective medium to isolate Salmonella and Shigella spp
Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar
Enrichment-selective medium primarily to isolate and cultivate Campylobacter spp.
Campylobacter blood agar (CAMPY-BA)
Selective medium primarily to isolate and recover Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas spp
Cefsulodin-irgasan- novobiocin (CIN)
Highly selective medium to recover Vibrio spp., including Vibrio cholerae
Thiosulfate–citrate–bile salts–sucrose agar (TCBS)
Selective medium to isolate primarily Clostridium difficile
Cycloserine–cefoxitin– fructose agar (CCFA),
ifferential medium to detect sorbitol- negative Escherichia coli
Sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar
