TRANS (Part 1) Flashcards
General Characteristic of Family Mycoplasmataceae
- Lack cell wall or cell wall deficient (gram staining is not performed)
- Susceptible to antibiotics classified as cell wall inhibitors
- smallest living organism (0.2 to 0.3 um)
- Slow growers
- Facultative anaerobes
Antibiotic classified as cell wall inhibitor
Beta Lactams
Example of beta lactams
Penicillin and Cephalosphorin
All mycoplasma spp. are slow growers EXCEPT
M. hominis (rapidly growing)
All mycoplasma spp. are facultative anaerobe EXCEPT
M. pneumoniae (aerobic, highly fastidious)
M. pneumoniae needs complex media that contains
Cholesterol and Fatty acid
- Formerly referred to as Pleuropneumoniae like organism (PPLO) /Eaton agent
- First mycoplasma to be isolated
M. pneumoniae
Agent of Primary Atypical Pneumonia/Walking Pneuomonia/Community acquired atypical pneumonia
M. pneumoniae
The two genital mycoplasma that are fastidious and agent of Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)
M. hominis and M. urealyticum
Causes NGU/Non-gonococcal urethritis
M. hominis and U. urealyticum
Mycoplasma spp. (+) on SBA and Chocolate agar
M. hominis
Applicable fluorescent stain for Mollicutes but not specific
Acridine orange
Ideal culture media for M. pneumoniae and M. hominis
SPF Broth
Solid media to recover M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp.
A8 Agar
Previously called T-strain Mycoplasma
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Agent of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilium / Ehrlichia phagocytophilium
The vector of Anaplasma phagocytophilium / Ehrlichia phagocytophilium
Ixodes ticks
Agent of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
The vector of Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Lone star ticks
Initially a member of family Rickettsiaceae but since it is not arthropod borne, it is no longer part of this family; a potential bioterrorism agent
Coxiella burnetii
Modes of transmission of C. burnetii
- Inhalation of dried birthing fluids of several animals
- Ingestions of unpasteurized milk
Coxiella burnetii causes
Query Fever (Q fever)
Rickettsial infections are detected using what sero test only
Weil felix (*but not specific since it has antigen from the genus Proteus)
Cause Rickettsial pox
R. akari
Causes scrub typhus
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Agent of Epidemic typhus and Brill zinsser disease
R. prowazekii
Epidemic typhus requires what specific vector?
Louse borne
the repeat/relapse of epidemic typhus; no vector required
Brill Zinsser disease
Agent of Murine typhus
R. typhi
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
R. rickettsii
The organism that remains to be Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Organisms that are prev. under Chlamydia but became Chlamydophila
Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittacci
General characteristic of Chlamydia/Chlamydophila
- Obligate intracellular organisms, even though they can be cultivated they require cell or tissue culture
- Sensitive to Sulfa drugs
- Has 2 distinct form
Infectious form, has spore-like features because it is resistant to environmental physical stress *has outer membrane that contributes to its resistance
Elementary body
Most prominent component of that membrane is called
Major Outer Membrane Protein or MOMP.
non-infectious form but reproductive form
Reticulated body
Agent of Trachoma, LGV, and Reiter’s syndrome
C. trachomatis
Chronic eye infection, number 1 cause of preventable blindness
Trachoma or TRIC (trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis)
Sexually transmitted disease (STD) and venereally acquired also known as LGV
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Reactive arthritis
Reiter’ syndrome
Has pear shaped elementary body
C. pneumoniae
Has round shape elementary body
C. trachomatis and C. psittacii
Regarded as the gold standard until the development of NAAT
Cell or Tissue culture
Example of Cell or tissue culture
McCoy cells, HeLa, Buffalo green monkey
Currently the gold standard for C. trachomatis
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
- Respiratory pathogen
- Previously known as TWAR Strain – Taiwan Acute - Respiratory Strain
- gent of pneumonia
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Respiratory pathogen
- Parrot fever, ornithosis, Psittacosis *respiratory disease that can be acquired thru contact with infected birds or their droppings, same MOT with C. pneumoniae
Chlamydophila psittacii
- Gram negative organism
- Motile and provided with Axial filaments/Periplasmic flagella
- Corkscrew motility
- Cannot be visualized using brightfield microscope therefore, we use Darkfield microscope and silver stain
General characteristics of Spirochetes
Borrelia and Leptospira multiplies by
Binary fission
Treponemes multiplies by
Transverse fission
- The only genus under spirochetes that can be visualized using brightfield/lighy microscope
- Arthropod borne – acquired thru bites
- Blood spirochetes
- Loosely coiled
Genus Borrelia
The medium use for Genus borrelia
Kelly Medium
- Tightly coiled with 1 or both ends bent to form a hook
- Requires darkfield, phase contrast microscopes, immunofluorescent microscopy
Genus Leptospira
The medium used for Genus Leptospira
Fletcher’s media
T/F: Genus Borrelia and Leptospira are culturable
TRUE
- Consisting of 4-14 coils/organism regularly space
- Agents of syphilis/great pox/French disease
Treponema pallidum
T/F: T. pallidum is non-culturable
TRUE
MOT of T. pallidum
- Sexual transmission
- Blood transfusion
- Vertical transmission (Mother to fetus)
The viability of T. pallidum can be maintained using
Testicular chancre of rabbit
Stage of syphilis where the patient develops lesion in the genitalia
Primary stage
Stage of syphilis presence of extragenital lesions (outside)
Secondary stage
Stage of syphilis where there’s an absence of lesion/symptoms
Latent stage
Stage of syphilis where lesions develop in deep organs of the body
Tertiary stage
- Primary syphilitic lesions
- Develops during the 1st stage
Hard chancre/Hunterian chancre
- Secondary syphilitic lesions
- Develops during the 2nd stage
Condyloma latum
Seen on Latent stage of syphilis
Absence of symptoms
Blood test (+)
Tertiary syphilitic lesions
GUMMA’s
- Agent of STD
- Venereal spirochetosis
Treponema cuniculi
Trench mouth/Vincent’s stomatitis
Treponema vincentii
Yaws – Frambesia
T. pallidum sp. pertenue
Pinta
T. pallidum sp. careteum
Bejel/Endemicum syphilis
T. pallidum sp. endemicum
MOT for T. pallidum sp. pertenue, T. pallidum sp. careteum, T. pallidum sp. endemicum
Direct contact with infected lesions
Diagnostic procedure Genus Borrelia
Sero test and Examination of Giemsa stained smears
- Vector for Borrelia burgdorferi
Ticks – ixodes spp.
(Deer ticks, Black legged ticks)
also known as tick borne relapsing fever; give the agent
Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi
Stage of Lyme disease where the patient Develops bull’s eye rash (ECM) in the bite site
Stage 1
Stage of Lyme disease where the patient has dissemination of ECM to other parts of the body
Stage 2
Stage of Lyme disease where the patient developes Chronic arthritis and development neurologic abnormalities/symptoms
Stage 3
Vector of Borrelia recurrentis
Pediculus spp.
- P. humanus capitis (head louse)
- P. humanus corporis (body louse)
Agent that causes Louse borne relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
Vector of Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia parkeri, Borrelia hermsii (other agents of tick borne relapsing fever)
Ornithodoros ticks/
Soft ticks
ECM (Erythema Chronicum Migrans)
Bull’s eye rash that may develop in Lyme Disease
Hallmark of immune phase of Leptospirosis
Aseptic meningitis
Serologic gold standard for Leptospirosis detection
Microscopic agglutination test
Causative agent of Leptospirosis (human and animal)
L. interrogans
Phase of leptospirosis where there’s a septicemia (high fever and headache)
Anicteric phase
Phase of leptospirosis that is characterized by the involvement of liver and kidney
Icteric phase
specimen for 1st week for Leptospirosis
Blood and CSF
Specimen for 2nd week of Leptospirosis
Urine
The severe form of Leptospirosis
Weil’s disease
Seldomly performed in the lab
Anaerobic culture
Equipment used to provide an anaerobic environment
GASPAK Jar
Component of GASPAK jar that ensures oxygen free environment
Palladium Catalyst
Indicators of GASPAK
Methylene blue or Resazurin (pink)
Color of GASPAK Jar in the absence of air
Colorless
Anaerobes that can emit foul odor
- C. difficile
- Fusobacterium
- Porphyromonas
- Produce brick red fluorescence under UV
- Produce black pigment
- Gram negative anaerobic bacilli
Porphyromonas and Prevotella
Red fluorescence that rapidly fades
Veilonella
Chartreuse fluorescence (Yellow)
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Anaerobic organisms with sulfur granules
- Actinomyces,
- Other Propionibacterium,
- Cutibacterium acnes
- Eubacterium nodatum