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CMED 312 ENT Module > TRANS 31 and 32 > Flashcards

TRANS 31 and 32 Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for Hearing Aid

A

Any individual who has hearing problem that cannot be
helped by medical or surgical means is a candidate of
hearing aid

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2
Q

KINDS OF HEARING AIDS

A
  • Conventional hearing aids
  • Bone Anchored hearing aids (BAHA)
  • Implantable hearing aids (vibrant sound bridge)
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3
Q

Components of conventional hearing aids

A

• Microphone: Receives sound and converts it into electrical
impulses (picks up sound)
• Amplifier: Intensifies electrical impulses (makes sound
louder)
• Receiver/Speaker: Translates those electrical impulses into
louder sounds
• Battery: Serves as power source for device
• Earmolds (earpiece): Directs the flow of sound into the ear
and enhance sound quality

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4
Q

2 types of conventional hearing aids

A

Analog and Digital

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5
Q

What type of conventional hearing aid?
Converts sound waves into electrical signals
o Custom built for each user
o Less expensive

A

Analog

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6
Q

What type of conventional hearing aid? o Converts sound waves into numerical codes
o Similar to binary code
o More flexibility in adjustment

A

Digital

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7
Q

• The amplified sound is transmitted via the ear canal to the
tympanic membrane
• Most of the aids are air conduction type
• They can be of 5 types

A

Air conduction hearing aid

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8
Q

• Instead of a receiver, it has a bone vibrator which snugly
fits on the mastoid & directly stimulates the cochlea
• Useful in persons with actively draining ears, otitis externa
or atresia of the ear canal when ear-inserts cannot be worn

A

Bone conduction hearing aid

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9
Q 
• MOST COMMON
• Microphones and amplifier along
with the battery are in one case
worn at the chest level while
receiver is situated at the ear
level
• Allows high degree of
amplification
• Useful in severely deaf persons or children with
congenital deafness

What type of hearing aid

A

Body worn type

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10
Q

What hearing aid?

• A modification of “behind-theear”
type & the units housed in
the auricular part of the spectacle
frame
• Useful to persons who need
both eye glasses for vision
and hearing aid
A

Spectacle types

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11
Q

What hearing aid

• Microphone, amplifier receiver
and battery are all in one unit
which is worn behind the ear
• Coupled to the ear canal with a
tubing and an earmold
• Useful for slight to moderate
cases of hearing loss?
A

Behind The Ear types

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12
Q 
• Entire hearing aid is housed in an
earmold which can be worn in the
ear
• Useful in mild to moderate
hearing loss
• Very popular because of their
cosmetic appeal

what hearing aid?

A

In the ear

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13
Q

• The hearing aid is so small that the entire aid can be work in the ear canal without projecting into the concha
• For using this aid, it is required that the ear canal should be large and wide
• Patient should have dexterity to manipulate the minute controls in the aid
• Useful in mild to moderate
hearing loss

what hearing aid?

A

canal types. ( in the canal and completely in the canal)

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14
Q

• Based on the principle of bone conduction
 Nakakabit sa bone, the sound is gathered outside but it is transferred directly to the mastoid bone, natransfer yung sound through vibration directly to the cochlea

what hearing aid?

A

Bone Anchored Hearing Aids

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15
Q
  • Works on a DIRECT DRIVE PRINCIPLE
  • Rather than delivering acoustic energy into the external auditory canal (as with traditional hearing aid systems), direct drive middle ear implant systems use mechanical vibrations delivered directly to the ossicular chain, while leaving the ear canal open.
A

Implantable hearing aids

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16
Q

• Electronic device that can provide useful hearing and improved communication abilities for persons who have sever to profound hearing loss and who cannot benefit from hearing loss
• Work by producing meaningful electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve
 Yung mga infants na bagsak ABR, ESSR, especially if you have cochlear problems

A

Cochlear implants

17
Q
  • Designed to stimulate cochlear nuclear complex in the brainstem directly by placing the implant in the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle
  • Such implant is needed when CN VIII has been severed in surgery of vestibular schwannoma
  • ABI help in communication, awareness and recognition of environmental sounds
  • They are not efficient as multichannel cochlear implants
A

Auditory brainstem implant

18
Q

transduction of sound to neural impulses and its

interpretation by the CNS

A

Hearing

19
Q

How would you define disabling hearing loss?

A

hearing loss >40 dB in the better
hearing ear in adults (15 years or older) and >30 dB in the
better hearing ear in children (0-14 year)

20
Q

when is deafness used?

A

Deafness is used, when there is little or no hearing at all.
WHO in 1980 recommended to use term “Deaf” only when
hearing impairment not benefited from any amplification of
sound

21
Q

4 types of hearing loss?

A

• Conductive (CHL)- sound is not conducted efficiently through
the outer ear canal to the eardrum and the tiny bones
(ossicles) of the middle ear
 The outer ear and the middle ear, yun ang may problema.
The sound can’t be transferred from the outside to the
cochlea
• Sensorineural (SNHL)- damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or
to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain
• Mixed- combination of CHL and SNHL
• Central- problem lies in the central nervous system

22
Q

• Any disease process which interferes with the conduction of sound to reach cochlea causes conductive hearing loss
 The bproblem is from outer ear to the inner ear
• Lesion may be in:
o External ear/ EAC
o Tympanic membrane
o Ossicles

what hearing loss?

A

CHL

23
Q 
• Results from lesions of:
o Cochlea
o VIII nerve
o Central auditory pathway lesion
o It can be congenital or acquired

what hearing loss?

A

SNHL

24
Q 
o (+) Rinne test, i.e. AC>BC
o Weber lateralized to better ear
o Reduced absolute bone conduction test
o More often involving high frequencies
o No gap between air and bone conduction curve on audiometry
o Loss may exceed 60 dB

what hearing loss?

A

SNHL

25
Q

defined as 30 dB or more of SNHL over at least three contiguous frequencies occurring within a period of 3 days or less

A

Sudden hearing loss

26
Q

Reduction in auditory acuity associated with noise exposure, may be hours to days
 Or it can be one-time big time

A

Noise induced hearing loss

27
Q

high levels of continuous or intermittent noise for seconds to hours
 Ito yung tinatawag kong one-time big time… nasabugan ka ng granado or may pumutok na plapla sa tenga mo, it is not only there be conductive but also sensorineural problem

A

Acute Noise Induced hearing loss

28
Q

is yung threshold sa audiogram. Sometimes its temporary but kung biglang-bigla yan it will become permanent na

• Ex; loud power tools, rock concerts, engine noise
 Concert- paglabas mo maingay, paglabas mo parang medyo bingi, may tumutunog sa tenga, after one hour wala na that is what you called Temporary Threshold Shift. Kung paulit-ulit mong ginagawa yun, eventually magiging permanent na yun

A

(TTS/ Temporary Threshold Shift)

29
Q

irreversible cochlear hearing loss (PTS/ Permanent Threshold Shift)
• Typical features of sensorineural hearing loss
• Tinnitus can be constant
• Safe if levels below 85 dB for 8hrs/day

A

Chronic noise induced hearing loss

30
Q

Acute acoustic trauma vs blast injury?

A

o Acute acoustic trauma- sudden intense sound event of short duration exceeding 140 dB and pressure rise is very short (<1.5 ms) e.g. Gunshot
o Blast injury- pressure wave from an explosive blast exceeds 140 dB but duration of pressure rise is longer (>2ms)
▪ Longer frequency spectrum
▪ Rupture tympanic membrane

31
Q

• Infection or inflammatory process affecting the labyrinth or its surrounding

A

Labyrinthitis

32
Q

3 routes of labyrintthitis?

A

Tymapnogenic, meningeal and hematogenous

33
Q

o Age related (over 50 y/o) symmetrical SNHL
o Ageing process
o Endogenous genetic predisposition
o Cumulative exposure to exogenous factors
o Symptoms:
▪ Speech recognition more affected than pure tone
o Diagnosis:
▪ Pure tone audiometry- Symmetrical SNHL (High tone loss)

A

presbycussis

34
Q

It has two categories of medications that have the greatest potential for permanent changes in hearing and or balance are:

A

o Aminoglycosides

o Anti-neoplastic agents

35
Q

More vestibulotoxic than cochleotoxic.

A

Gentamicin

36
Q

more vestibulotoxic? morecochleotoxic?>

A

Gentamycin and streptomycin

Amikacin and neomycin

37
Q
  • Highest ototoxic potential and is the most ototoxic drug in clinical use
  • Symptoms of ototoxicity begin with tinnitus and high frequency hearing loss
  • Incidence of hearing loss has been reported at 11-91% with overall incidence of 69%
  • In patients with head and neck cancer treated with Cisplatin, about 50% develop hearing loss
A

cisplatin

CMED 312 ENT Module (16 decks)

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