TRANS 28 Trauma to ENT

Question 1

Initial assessment for ent trauma

Answer 1

Airway, breathing, circulation (ABC)

Question 2

Rapid trauma assessment for ENT trauma include? (3)

Answer 2

o Head, face, neck
o Glasgow coma scale score
o Vital sign

Question 3

is a wound caused by superficial damage to the

skin, no deeper than the epidermis

Answer 3

Abrasions

Question 4

First versus second vs third degree abrasions?

Answer 4

• A first-degree abrasion involves only epidermal injury
• A second-degree abrasion involves the epidermis as well as the dermis and may bleed slightly
• A third-degree abrasion involves damage to the subcutaneous layer and the skin and is often called avulsion.

Question 5

A wound produced by the tearing of body tissue, as distinguished from a cut or incision.

Answer 5

Laceration

Question 6

• Injury to tissues with skin discoloration and without breakage of skin; called also bruise.
 Eto yung tinatawag nating pasa o bugbog.

Answer 6

Contusion

Question 7

• The tearing away of a structure or part either accidentally or surgically

Answer 7

avulsion

Question 8

frequently injured due to trauma
Poor blood supply
poor healing
what structure in the ear?

Answer 8

Pinna

Question 9

is well protected due to the mastoid and temporal bone however this can be injured due to rapid pressure changes

Answer 9

internal/inner ear

Question 10

inner ear may be injured due to what?

Answer 10

May be injured due to rapid pressure changes
▪ Diving, blast or explosions
▪ Temporary or permanent hearing loss
▪ Tinnitus may occur

Question 11

• Shear force trauma
• Perichondrium lifted & bleeds
 Very common among wrestler and boxer. Mga MMA fighter, madalas tamaan sa tenga

Answer 11

Subperichondrial hematoma

Question 12

Mx for subperichondrial hematoma?

Answer 12

• Drain before cartilaginous necrosis
• Leave drain, antibiotics bolster dressing, monitoring/24 hrs
• “

Question 13

“Cauliflower” ear asymmetric cartilage formation

where do you find this?

Answer 13

Subperichondrial hematoma

Question 14

• Inability to ventilate middle ear – abnormal dysfunction of ET
• Occurs in rising ambient pressure (Descent in flight/scuba diving)
• Can produce hemotympanum

Answer 14

OTITIC BAROTRAUMA

Question 15

MX for otitic barotrauma?

Answer 15

• Repeated Valsalva maneuver
• Topical nasal decongestants
• Myringotomy and PE tube insertion may be needed

Question 16

is an injury to the inner ear as a result of exposure to loud sound. It can be caused by an isolated exposure to a high decibel noise (like a gunshot, jet airplane, or an explosion near the ear) or due to an exposure to a lower decibel sound (like loud music or heavy machinery over a long period of time). It can be a result of a head injury if the eardrum is ruptured or there are other injuries to the inner ear.

Answer 16

Acoustic trauma

Question 17

The most common symptom of acoustic trauma which may begin with jut having difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds and then later go on to have difficulty hearing lower frequency

Answer 17

Hearing loss

Question 18

Permanent hearing loss after a single noise exposure.

Most commonly due to impulse noise (i.e. firearms)

Answer 18

Acoustic trauma

Question 19

Gradual hearing loss due to noise exposure over an

extended period of time (months to years)

Answer 19

Gradually developing NIHL

 NIHL - Noise Induced Hearing Loss

Question 20

Middle ear trauma causes?

Answer 20

Direct and indirect

Question 21

Direct force causes of middle ear tranmnas

Answer 21

• Careless while removal wax by himself or herself • Skull fracture may tear TM
• Hot slag fly into the ear
 Pinaka-common actually ay cotton buds.

Question 22

Indirect force causes ofmiddle ear trauma

Answer 22

Increase in violence and firearms • Barotrauma

Question 23

Mx for middle ear trauma.

Answer 23

What you can do? First you give antibiotic and you can repair the eardrums

Question 24

RUPTURED EARDRUM

o Sign and symptoms include:

Answer 24

Loss of hearing
▪ Blood drainage from the ear
o Typically heals spontaneously

Question 25

Management nasal trauma?

Answer 25

Control the bleeding, give antibiotics, repair

the fracture

Question 26

Structures in the ANTERIOR REGION OF THE NECK

Answer 26

Structures:
o Thyroidandcricoidcartilage
o Trachea
o

Major blood vessels: o Carotid arteries o Jugular veins

Question 27

What zone of the neck
Carotid arteries
• Jugular and vertebral veins, pharynx and larynx
• Proximal trachea
• Recurrent laryngeal and vagal nerves *Straightforward surgical access

Answer 27

Zone 2

Question 28

• Proximal common carotid arteries
• Vertebral and subclavian arteries
• Subclavian and jugular vein, trachea
• Recurrent laryngeal and vagus nerves
• Esophagus, thoracic duct.
*Vascular injury mgt challenging, mortality high *Surgical access difficult-sternotomy or thoracotomy what zone in thnecke

Answer 28

Zone 1

Question 29

• Extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries.
• Jugular veins
• Cranial nerves IX-XII
• Sympathetic trunk
*Surgical access difficult
*Craniotomy, mandibulotomy maneuvers *Associated high mortality.

what zone in the neck

Answer 29

zone 3

Question 30

more frequent zone of the neck where injury happens

Answer 30

zone 2

Question 31

what zone of the neck has more stab wounds

Answer 31

zone 1

Question 32

Most reliable in the history of laryngeal trauma

Answer 32

Change in voice