TRANS 043 MICROPARA Flashcards
NORMAL FLORA-CONJUNCTIVAL SAC
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
* Lactobacillus sp
comes from the tears, can destroy
peptidoglycan layers
Lysozyme
Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis? mucopurulent discharge?
Bacterial; watery in viral
Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis? bilateral
Bacterial; unilateral in Viral
Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis? pharyngitis?
viral; otitis media in bacterial
Bacterial or viral conjunctivitis? with adenopathy
viral. no adenopathy in bacterial
antibiotics for MRSA and S. pneumonia but resistant to H. influenza
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin and Tobramycin)
Sensitive to S. pneumoniae but resistant to H. influenza and MRSA
Polymxin B and Trimethoprim
Sensitive to H. Influenza and S. Aureus
Erythromycin
Azithromycin is sensitive to?
S.Pneumoniae and MRSA
Newer fluoroquinolones is sensitive to
MRSA
because of the vaginal delivery from a mother infected with
N. gonorrhoeae.
So you have a mucopurulent discharge because Neisseria is
one of the pyogenic cocci
Ophthalmia neonatorum
Treatment before for ophthalmia neonatorum however it causes
pigmentation and blackening of the skin
silver nitrate
Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors:
▪ Pili
▪ LOS
▪ IgA protease
Able to lyse and destroy the IgA which is in the mucosal barrier
IgA protease
Type of Neisseria: with pili, virulent; smaller and raised; bright in reflected light
Type T1 and T2-
Type of N. gonorrhea: no pili, avirulent (extracellular); larger; flatter colonies
Type T3 to T5
smaller colonies; grows more slowly; more difficult to identify biochemically
AHU strains – (Arginine-hypoxanthine-uracil)-
genes both expressed in N. meningitidis
por A and por B;
but por B only in N. Gonorrhea
blocks host serum bactericidal (IgG) action against the organism (virulence of N. gonorrhea)
for adherence?
Protein III – Rmp (reduction modified protein)
Protein II- Opa (opacity)
o Enterotoxins ▪ Heat stable exotoxins; A-E, G-J (stable at 100 C, 30 mins) • A, B, D – food poisoning • B, C > G, I – TSS • B pseudomembranous enterocolitis o TSST-1 (enterotoxin F) o Exfoliative toxin – epidermolytic/SSS/Ritter o Cytolytic ▪ Alpha ▪ Beta (Sphingomyelinase C; hot-cold lysin – CAMP) ▪ Gamma (PVL) ▪ Delta o Enzymes ▪ coagulase (virulence marker) ▪ protease ▪ hyaluronidase ▪ lipase o Protein A
virulence factors of?
staphyloccocus
which is realted to community acquired MRSA, [Panton Valentine Leucocidin/ mec A gene]
Panton valentine leucocidin (PVL)
mec A gene is related to MRSA
• skin and wound infection o folliculitis o furuncle (boil) o carbuncle (with fever and chills) o bullous impetigo • Food poisoning (enterotoxins) (2-8 hours after) o A (78%) o D (38%) o B (10%) • Toxic shock syndrome (Todd,1978), tampons o menstruating & non menstruating associated • Scalded skin syndrome/ Ritter • Osteomyelitis • Pneumonia
what causative agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
• Pink eye conjunctivitis • Fastidious • X and V factors • Satellite phenomenon need a special media called chocolate agar
what causative agent?
Hemophilus Aegypti
one of the common causes of blindness that presents wiht eye pain, swelling and irritation
Chlamydia trachomatis
lack mechanisms for production of metabolic energy & cannot synthesize ATP → obligate intracellular
gram neg or gram pos?
gram neg
elementary body (infectious form) and the reticulate body
what agent?
Chlamydia
in the development cycle of chlamydia, which particle is this?
o small, environmentally stable, infectious particle, high affinity for host epithelial cells near base of microvilli; rapid entrance via:
• Heparan sulfate-like proteoglycans
• MOMP- major outer membrane protein (DFA direct Fluorescent Ab- principle detection
• Glycosylated MOMP
• Engulfment – receptor – mediated endocytosis into clarithrin-coated pits & pinocytosis via non coated pits
elementary body
in the developmental cycle of chlamydia, which particle is this?
no electron dense nucleoid, divides by binary fission, entire vacuole with EB to form cytoplasmic inclusion
Reticulate Body
outer cell wall of chlamydia is like gram neg or gram pos?
gram neg; No typical peptidoglycan; with Penicillin body protein (PBP); no N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
• EB: RNA=DNA; RB: 4x RNA=DNA
for staining chlamydia in giemsa, what stain will be the color of Eb and RB?
EB purple
RB blue