Trangenic organisms Flashcards
What were the sources of genetic variation
- Natural variation: spontaneous mutation
- Induced mutation : caused by chemicals or radiation
- transgenes (gmos): genes from other TRANSfered from other organims for desired traits
How much of the world used gmo
what countries don’t
95%
Europe doesn’t fw gmos
- india and Africa use gmos for cotton ( non edible shit)
what does regulatory region do for gmos
- controls when and where and pattern of gene expression
what does transcribed region do now in gmos
- confers desired triat
What is gene transfer
- when the engineered gene is TRansfered into the tartgert organism
What is the cloning process like
- dna extraction: DNA from any source is extracted
- gene insertion: gene is inserted into the plasmids
- transformation: plasmid is introduced into bacterial cell
- bacterial division:
Steps to cloning
- isolate plasma and DNA ( extract both
- Cut DNA using enzyme
- seal DNA so it can join plasmind
- transform bacteria so that it can replicate
what do you need for a trans generic organizm
- gene of interest : uses under promotor that regulates transcription
- selectable marker: a gene that helps identify which cells incoperated
Plant engineering with crown ball disease
- agrobacterium transferd t dna into plant cells causing tuomor growth
- remove tumor genes, replace them somewhere else
WHat is T DNA
- ti plasmid that is transfered into plant cells ( tumor)
what is ti plasmid
plasmid from agrobacterium
what are some common gm traits
- herb tolerance
- insect resistance: ALLLLL FRUTI go throughthisss
what happens to round up resistan corn
- no till farming: instead of ripping out the gorung farmers us round up to kill weeds
- resistant weeds: some weeds can still survive
- ESPSP gene allows crops to survive
What are some less common traits ( papaya, apple, pineapple
- hawaii gm ringspot resistance
- non browining apple ( get rid of oxidative enzyme)
- pink pineapple: increase lycopine and decrease beta carotene
How do safety asssesments work for shit like the pink pineapple?
- identify and understant each transge and the risks
What are some approved gm traits and crops
- corn, soybean, and cotten
Are animals gentically engineered
no.
What was the enviro pig
- a gmo pig that shit out less phosphate.
- died down tho due to animal rights
What is crisper cas
- a way to genome edit specific sequences within an organisms genome
what is cas 9
- acts like scissors to cut at location while crisper leads it to spot
crisper cas precioin?
- highly specific cahnges to dna
crisper versatility?
- can be used on many organisms
- broad potential
steps of crisper cas
- rna: guidance
- splitting: cas 9 cuts dna at specific point
- gene editing: repair break allowing scientist put wtv they want.
