Plant breeding Flashcards
What was plant improvement
- the creation of corn
- 2 types norther flint and souther dent
WHat were the two types of corn produced
- northern flint : skinny
southethern dent: fat
What are hybrids?
- crossing to get better traits and higher yeilds
hybrids affect on Avg corn yield
- 1930s it was 25/acre and not it increased due to hybrid corn
What is hybrind vigor in corn
- makes corn big an strong like veiny dihhh
- resistant from disease
Hybrid seed production in corn steps
- male inbred planted ]
- 4 femal next to men
- tassels are clips so no self-pollination only from those male imbreds
- crowded environment
Why is it important to plant new hybrid seeds every year instead of sacing the seeds year round?
- maintianting qualitiy
- hybrid vigor loss ( weaker plants lower yeilds
- genetic stability
- you are breeding for specific traits!!
What are the types of variation for breeding corn
Quantitative : traits controlled by multiple genes
Single: traits controlled by one gene
What are some sourced of genetic variation
natural: spontaneous mutations
induced: mutations caused by x rays or chemical
trangenesis: GMO
What is the sugary 2 mutation in corn?
- mutation that stops the enzymes that convert glucose into starch
- glucose accumulates and leaves you with sweet corn
Are string beans a mutation, why or why not
- yes string beans are a mutation
- people would remove the string before eating and now it just has no string
Was rapeseed oil healthy? why or why not?
- it was not , had high levels of euric acid
- lowered levels of euric acid ad is now heart healty
How was the lowering of euric acid achieved
- it was achieved through 2 recessive mutation
How many cell layers do flowering plants have in their shot apical
3 or more
Green white green leaf
- epidermis : white lacks chrlorryphyl
- white layer mutation in l2 layer
- inner layer remains green
Poinsettia christmass flower
- propogated vegetatively to maintian unique patterns
Are tomatoes inbreds?
Yes they are; farmers save seeds
It the navel orange a mutation?
Yes, it is, and it is, vegitavely propogated
Mr good bar choclate and nuts
- the nuts had oil that would make the the candy go bad
- induced mutation used to alter the oil content , extend shelf life.
What was mass selection
- select best plants based on visisble traits and use seeds for next batch
-
what was marker assisted selection
- Use dna markers to identify plants with desired genes ( marked)
- faster and more accurate than mass selection
What is introgression ?
- process of transferring a gene from one species or variety into another thru cross breeding.
- introduce beneficial traits
- involves multiple gens.
