Mandelin Genetics Flashcards
How do plants maintain their genotype?
- Plants are propagated from cuttings and cloned to maintain their genotype.
Who the hell was the first plant geneticist?
- Gregor Mendel
What was his story?
- Bright but couldn’t perform well in college due to stress and illness ( 4 months)
- became a monk bc he was poor
- Tied to become a substitute teacher but never finished exams
Who did Gregor Mendel study under, and what was the subject?
- Gregor Mendel studied under christopher doppler
- Learned combinational mathematics
What did Gregor Mendel conduct on
- Gregor Mendel conducted an experiment on peas.
What are some features of a good genetic system? ( time, cost, etc)
- short gen time
- relatively inexpensive
- can make mutations
- many progeny per cross
- Can perform controlled crosses.
What is special about Peas?
- Very characteristc shape
- Self pollinating
How would you control the pollinization of peas
- they bud and the anthers haven’t released pollen yet
- remove the anthers to the plant doesn’t self pollinate
- Add pollen whenever you feel like it.
What the 7 traits studied by Mendel
( Ryan’s yellow parrot is always grumpy AND lays seeds)
- Round or wrinkled
- Yellow or green
- Purple or white
- Inflated or pinched
- green or yellow unripe pods
- seeds
What is a gene
- site in DNA that produces a product
What is an allele
- version of a gene
What are the different functions of alleles relating to this lecture (nng)
- non functional: loss of function
- Normal function: wild type
- Gain of function: novel function
What is a genotype?
- alleic composition of an organism
What is a phenotye
- physical characteristcs
What is dominence
Some versions of a geen have a stronger effect on the phenotype than the others
How are genes stable?
- the gene contolling the white trai is inhereited unchanged.
What does the 3:1 segregation mean?
- if u cross two plants that are hetero, they will inheret one allele from each parent
- 3 have the dominant trait while one has the recessive trait
- 1 gene for excessive ( rr)
What was the chromosomal basesi for Mendel’s results
- during meosis, the alleles get transfered throuought the chromososmes
What does 1:2:1 ration mean
- 2 homos ( one is recc while the other is dom)
- 2 heteros
Why might a bag of green peas have 3 yellow peas?
- Mutation
- Factory contamination
- Pollen contamination
How would we test to see what cause 3 yellow peas in a bag of green peas
- progeny test
What is a progeny test?
determining the GENOYTPE of a parent from the phenotype of an off spring
- figuring out what the parents are thru generation
How is bi color corn made?
- company produces seeds ( heterozygous)
- Famres plant hybrid seed; plants are pollinated by other plants of the same genotype ( other bi colored)
- customers buys open pollinated ears from hybrid plants
What was mendel discovery of independent assortment?
- He studied two traits at the same time
- He wanted to see if these genes were linked or independent
what was the prediction versus the reality?
- Predicition: if genes were linked, certain trait combos would always appear together
- Reality: 9:3:3:1 ratio in the offspring, showing that the genes were inherited independently.
What is the law of segregation?
- two alleles for each gene sepereate during gamete formation
What tos the law of independent assortment
- alleles of gene on non homo chromes assor independantly during gamete formation
Basis for mendels observation
- Traits are controlled by genes, expressed through alleles ( dom or rec)
- Each org has 2 copies only passes on ONE coppy to off spring
- Fertilization is random
- Genes for different traits sort independently during meosis if they are on different chromosomes
- Domninet allele doesn’t change a recc one ( rec probably doesn’t even process porperly.
What are traits controlled on and what are they expressed through? What are the alleles.
- Traits are controlled by genes and they are expressed through alleles.
- The alleles are dom and rec
How many copies does each organism have ?
How many passes on to off spring?
- Each org has 2 copies
- Only one gets passed on to the offspring tho
Is fertilization random
Yes it is, it always is.
Do genes for different traits sor independently?
- Are chromosomes different or the same
- Yes, genes for different traits sort independently
- Happens during meosis if they are on different chromosomes
Does a dominent allele affect reccessive ones?
- No. recessive don’t work properly anyways.
