Domestication Flashcards
What is domestication
WHat is it better suited for?
- When humans change a organisms GENEotype
- Makes it better suited for human contolled enviroment
What did domestication provide?
- It provided evidence for organismal evolution
What is something that Darwin studied to prove domestication
- How were pidgeon breeds made?
- Darwin studied pigeons of evolution
- Different pidgeon breeds were created through selective breeding
Why can only some animals be domesticated?
- They must have specific traits
Preadaptations ( natural traits) in plants
- Ability to grow in disturbed enviroments
- Simple genetic change leads to big impact
Preadaptations ( natural traits) in animals
- omni diet
- easy to raise
- fast growth rate
- lots of babies
- docile
Domestication syndrome in plants
- when humans domesticated plats they just started selecting specific traits making shit easy for humans
What are key traits of domestication syndrome
- Loss of sheed shattering
- Loss of seed dormancy
- Larger seeds and fruits
- loss of toxic chemicals
Why is the domestication syndrome important
- it makes it easier to farm and produce higher yeilds
- transformed from small wid crops to stable crops
How did domestication syndrome come about concious and unconscious what?
- unconscious selection
and concious selection
What is unconscious selection?
- Early humans didn’t purposely, it happened naturally ( unconsciously)
What is concious selection?
- humans intentionally selected plants and animas that best suited there needs ( more desirable)
Why does unconcious and consoius selection matter?
U: made farming more efficient without even realizing
C: Improved plants and animals even more for specific needs.
What is the difference between teosinte and corn
T: small hard kernels highly branched bush
C: larger soft kernes on a straight stalk that is easier to harverst
How did teosinte turn into corn? ( growth)
- what is tb1 and what happened with it?
- What did it create?
- Teosint branched controls branching (tb1)
- There was a mutation in tb1 that reduced branching and made a single stalk
How did teosinte turn into corn? ( Kernel structure)
- the tigga1 grne controls the hard fruit case around teosinte seeds
- the mutation in tigga gene made the seed coat softer allowing for us niggas to eat it duh dooiii
How did teosinte turn into corn ( ear size and shape)
- there were multiple genes e that made corn singular and large like a dihh instead of multiple small ones.
How did teosinte turn into corn ( kernel number and size?)
- Mutaitons that led to more kernels and kernels that were big like a dihh
how did teosinte turn into corn ( domestication syndrome)
- unconsioud slection and concious election
who were the scientists that studied corn genetic
( gbeetle) and bestie D)
- George beadle ( proved that corn was the same)
- John doobley ( Mapped the genetic differents
What was the evi that Teosinte tb1 was involved in the evolution of maize ( Genetic mapping and loci identification)
- found one key genetic loci that differentiate teosinte
- tb1 was involved in reducing branch size
evi that tb1 was involved with corn evo ( mutation)
- introduces loss of function mutation intb1 gene reverted back to a teosite like highly branched pehonotype
- tb1 proved to suppress branch size making the plant grow as a tall single stalk
evi that tb1 was involved in evo of corn ( gene expression)
- Teosite has low levels of tb1 so that means more branches with small ears
- maize has a mutation that increases tb1 reducing branch size leading to a single stalk
- this mutation was naturally selected to make maize easier to harvest
evi that tyb1 was inolved in corn evo ( artificial selection nd domestication)
- farmers did not puposely select for higher tb1 expression, but it increased due selection pressure
how do we know that it was tb1 for sure that led to the evo of of
- bestie ( john doebley) mapped the genes to see the differences and tb1 was a main factor.
what is hybirdization?
- the crossing of two different plant species
Hoe did hybridization contribute to domestication? ( genetics, crops, traits,)
- increase genetic diversity
- Formation of new crops
- Retention of useful traits
- polys
- hybrid vigor ( disease resistance
Key traits of domesticated animals
- increasesed tamability
- Coat color changes
- tooth and bone size
- ear and tail alteration ( floppy and curly)
- juvenile behavior
What were the ancerstors of sheep and goat?
- mouflon and bezoar goats
What is an example of the doemstication of animals?
- the russian fox experiment
- generations and generations foxes became friendlier with floppy ears and shit
What is story of jacob and his sheep?
- jacob want to marry a girl
- was tricked into marrying older sister
- he worked 7 years but wanted
- he wanted spotted and striped goat
- a lot of spotted
What is emmelanin n( what color)
- responsible for bnegro color
What is pheomelanin
- for red anf yellow
What is the agouti gene?
- it is resposible for pheomelanin ( red and yellow) and when present in high amounts in and out competes eumelanin.
- if low the black will show more
