Traits & Personology Flashcards
is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought.
Personality
moving and changing
dynamic
structured
organized
involving both the mind and the body
psychophysical
structured by the past and predisposing of the future
determined
unique for each individual
characteristic
suggests that the development of personality is essentially the accumulation of skill, habits, and discriminations, without anything really new appearing in the person’s makeup.
Continuity theory
Changes are merely quantitative relative to the amount of inputs, Such continuity theories are c___d s____s
closed systems
suggests that in the course of development an organism experiences genuine transformations or changes and consequently reaches successively higher levels of organization
discontinuity theory
are bona fide structures within a person that influence behavior; they are not simply labels we use to describe or classify behaviors; are also a consistent and enduring; they account for consistency in human behavior, and may be considered the ultimate reality of psychological organization
traits
a determining tendency or predisposition to respond to the world in certain ways
trait
a hypothetical construct that permits us to compare individuals within a given culture
common trait
like a trait, a general determining characteristic, but it is unique to the individual who has it
personal disposition
If a personal disposition is so pervasive that almost every behavior of the individual appears to be influenced by it, it is called a
c____l d_____n
cardinal disposition
are highly characteristic tendencies of an individual. They provide the adjectives or phrases a person might use in describing the essential characteristics of another individual in a letter of recommendation.
central disposition
more specific, focused tendencies that are often situational in character and less crucial to the personality structure
secondary dispositions
refers to the central experiences of self-awareness that people have as they grow and move forward
proporium
to connote forward movement
pro-
knowing one’s body and its limits
bodily self
awareness of inner sameness and continuity
self-identity
pride in the ability to do things
self-esteem
sense of possession and valuing of others
self-extension
sense of measuring up to expectations of others
self-image
sense of self as active problem-solving agent
self-as-rational-coper
development of long-term purpose and goals
priopriate striving
the idea that adult motivation is not necessarily tied to the past
functional autonomy
refers to acts or behaviors that are repeated even though they may have lost their original function; they are not controlled by the proprium and have no genuine connection with it.
Perseverative functional autonomy
refers to those acquired interests, values, attitudes, intentions, and lifestyles that are directed from the proprium.
propriate functional autonomy
Allport’s six criteria of maturity
- Extension of the sense of self
- Warm relating of self to others
- Emotional security (self-acceptance)
- Realistic perception, skills, and assignments
- Self-objectification (insight and humor)
- Unifying philosophy of life
which means law, and thetes
nomos
which means one who establishes
nomothetic approach
that centers on the individual, employing techniques and variables that are appropriate to understanding the uniqueness of each person and uncovering personal dispositions
Idiographic approach
means one’s own
idios
means to write
graphein
study of individual “human lives and the factors that influence their course”
personology
a short, significant behavior pattern that has a clear beginning and ending
proceeding
These are interactions between the subject and another person or object in the environment, it may be internal (imagined) or external (real)
Proceedings
A succession of proceedings constitute a s__l
serial
It is a planned series of proceedings that leads toward a goal, and may stretch into the future for months or even years
serial program
Serial programs are governed by a mental process known as o____n, that enables us, once we understand our world, to develop a strategy for coping with it. It also permit us to develop schedules or plans for resolving conflicting proceedings
Ordination
a construct representing a force in the brain that organizes our perception, understanding, and behavior in such a way as to change an unsatisfying situation and increase our satisfaction; may be aroused by internal state, such as hunger, or by external stimuli, such as food
meed
to govern and direct
dominance
to respect and conform
deference
to behave independently
autonomy
to attack and fight
aggression
to yield and surrender
abasement
to succeed at a hard task
achievement
to be erotic
sex
to find joy in sensuousnes
sentience
to show off and attract attention
exhibition
to have fun
play
to relate to others
affiliation
to exclude others
rejection
to seek help
succorance
to give help
nurturance
to guard against embarrassment
infavoidance
to protect one’s self from abuse
defendance
to face failure with continued effort
counteraction
to stay away from danger
harm avoidance
to organize things
order
to seek comprehension
understanding
they become very urgent if they are not satisfied
prepotent
forces from objects or persons within the environment that help or hinder an individual in reaching goals.
press
Examples of Press
- Cultural discord
- Family discord
- Poverty
- Accident
- Loss of possessions
- Presence of siblings
- Maltreatment of contemporaries
- Religious training
- Encouragement
- Friendship
- Sexual abuse
- illness
actual properties or attributes of the environment
alpha press
the individual’s subjective perception of the environment and the determinants of behavior
beta press
a projective technique in which a person makes up a story of ambiguous pictures
Thematic apperception test
