Psychoanalysis Flashcards
While still a student, Sigmund Freud made substantial and noteworthy contributions to research, publishing his findings on the nervous system of f__ and the t__ __ __ __
fish & testes of the eel
He developed a method of staining cells for microscopic study and as a physician explored the anesthetic properties of cocaine
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud studied in Paris with the French psychiatrist J__ C__
Jean Charcot
Freud was influenced by J__ B__ and later on worked together in writing up cases
Joseph Breuer
Breuer and Freud worked together in writing up some of cases in S__ in H__ (1895)
Studies in Hysteria
In 1909, Freud published what book?
The Interpretation of Dreams
What was the aim of the supposed “An Outline of Psychoanalysis”?
“to bring together the doctrines of Psychoanalysis and to state them in the most concise form”
The only works that Freud systematically tried to keep up to date were TIE(1900) and TES (1905)
The Interpretation of Dreams
& Three Essays on Sexuality
Whose case began the Psychoanalysis?
Anna O.
What was Anna O. suffering from?
a conversion disorder in which her right arm and leg were paralyzed, She had difficulty seeing, was nauseous, and was unable to drink any liquids or to speak and understand her mother tongue. She was also prone to states of absence.
How did Anna O.’s symptoms went away?
Breuer hypnotized her to tell stories; she began to tell about her father’s illness and death and so on
a dynamic one in which certain forces repress undesirable thoughts and then actively resist their becoming conscious
Unconscious process
those ideas or thoughts that would be repressed and rendered unconsciously
Wishes
a patient is asked to verbalize whatever comes to mind, no matter how insignificant, trivial, or even unpleasant the idea, thought, or picture may seem.
Free association
In the process of free association, particular attention is paid to s__ and d__.
slips & dreams
S___ are bungled acts: a __ of the tongue, a __ of the pen, or a lapse of memory
Slips
It assumes that in our psychic life nothing is trifling or lawless; rather, there is a motive for everything.
Freudian theory
It implies the action of a material, impersonal force that brings something about
Cause
It refers to personal agency and implies an emotion or desire operating on the will of a person and leading him or her to act
Motive
For Freud, all events are o__d__— that is, they have more than one meaning or explanation
overdetermined
It is the “royal road” to unconscious
slips and dreams
is the dream as it is remembered the next morning. Such a dream frequently appears incoherent and nonsensical, the fantasy of a mad person. Nevertheless, it presents some kind of narrative story
manifest dream
is the meaning or motive underlying the manifest dream
latent dream
a bodily process that could be totally understood under a model of tension reduction
Sexuality
could be compared to a wish to remove an itch
Sexual desires
refer to the emotional and psychic energy derived from the biological drive of sexuality testifies to this shift in his thought
Libido
a psychological or mental representation of an inner bodily source of excitement
Drive
Four Features of Drive: SIAO
- Source
- Impetus
- Aim
- Object
the bodily stimulus or need
Source
the amount of energy or intensity of the need
Impetus
its goal and purpose
Aim
the person or object in the environment through which the aim may be satisfied
Object
Two Basic Group of Impulsive Drive: E & T
- Eros
2. Thanatos
life impulses or drives, those forces that maintain life processes and ensure reproduction of the species
Eros
death impulses or drives, is a biological reality and the source of aggressiveness, and reflects the ultimate resolution of all of life’s tension in death
Thanatos
The Psychosexual Stages of Development: OAPLG
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latency
- Genital
the first stage of Psychosexual Development that lasts from birth to age one, wherein the major source of pleasure and potential conflict is the mouth
Oral stage
two main types of oral activity: I & B
Ingestion & biting
a source of potential conflict because restraints may be placed on them. A mother may seek to discourage thumb sucking or stop her child from biting the breast.
Oral activities
The second stage of Psychosexual development that occurs in the second year of life, wherein the major source of pleasure and potential conflict is activities involving the anus
Anal stage
Toilet training occurs during this period
Anal stage
involves converting an involuntary activity, the elimination of bodily wastes, into a voluntary one
Toilet training
Two primary modes of anal expression: AR & AE
- Anal retention
2. Anal expulsion
pain inflicting
Sadistic
pain receiving
Masochistic
Third stage of Psychosexual development that occurs between ages three and six. The characteristics of this stage are pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with the genital organs.
Phallic stage
The pleasure of masturbation and the fantasy life of children set the stage for the O__ C___. Freud suggested that children have incestuous wishes toward the opposite-sex parent and murderous impulses toward the same-sex parent
Oedipus complex
after the phallic stage, Freud believed that there is a period of comparative sexual calm from the age of about seven to puberty
Latency period
A Psychosexual stage of Development that Freud did not consider a genuine psychosexual stage because nothing dramatically new emerges
Latency period
A Psychosexual stage that emerges at adolescence when the genital organs mature, there is a rebirth of sexual and aggressive desires, and the sexual drive
Genital stage
In this stage, Freud believed that mature individuals seek to satisfy their sexual drives primarily through genital, reproductive activity with members of the opposite sex
Genital stage
If the libido is unduly frustrated or overindulged at an early stage, it may become f__, that may create excessive needs on earlier stage
Fixated
Three structure of Personality: IES
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
“core of our being”, the oldest and original function of the personality and the basis of the ego and superego
Id
includes the instincts and drives that motivates us; It represents our basic drives, needs, wishes
Id
The Id operates according to the pl__ pr___ and employs pr___ pr___
pleasure principle & primary processes
Emerges in order to realistically meet the wishes and demands of the id
Ego
the executor of the personality, curbing the id and maintaining transactions with the external world in the interest of the fuller personality
Ego
Ego follows the re__ pr___ and operates according to se___ pr___
reality principle & secondary processes
Is the last function of the personality to develop and may be seen as an outcome of the interactions with one’s parents during the long period of childhood dependency
Superego
Two sub-systems of Superego: C & E
Conscience and Ego ideal
is the capacity for self-evaluation, criticism, and reproach. It scolds the ego and creates feelings of guilt when moral codes are violated
conscience
is an ideal self-image consisting of approved and rewarded behaviors. It is the source of pride and a concept of who we think we should be
Ego-ideal
strives for perfection and seeks moralistic rather than realistic solutions
Superego
The terms c__ and u__ are best seen as adjectives describing qualities that the id, ego, and superego may or may not have
conscious and unconscious
a kind of anxiety that refers to fear of real danger in the external world
Reality anxiety
a kind of anxiety that refers to fear that one’s inner impulses cannot be controlled
Neurotic anxiety
a kind of anxiety that refers to fear of the retributions of one’s own conscience
Moral anxiety
In order for an individual to cope with anxiety, the ego develops d___ m__, procedures that ward off anxiety and prevent our conscious perceptions of it
defense mechanisms
a defense mechanism that involves blocking a wish or desire from expression so that it cannot be experienced consciously or expressed directly directly in behavior
Repression
a defense mechanism that entails refusing to acknowledge an unpleasant reality or fact of life
Denial
a defense mechanism that refers to the unconscious attribution of an impulse, attitude, or behavior onto someone or something
Projection
a defense mechanism that expresses an impulse by its opposite
Reaction-formation
a defense mechanism that expresses a returning to an earlier form of expressing an impulse
Regression
a defense mechanism that involves dealing with an emotion or impulse analytically and intellectually in order to avoid feeling it
Rationalization
a defense mechanism that involves modeling one’s behavior after the behavior of someone else
Identification
a defense mechanism that involves satisfying an impulse with a substitute object
Displacement
a defense mechanism that involves channeling an impulse into a more socially desirable outlet
Sublimation
a process whereby the patient transfers to the analyst emotional attitudes felt as a child toward important persons
Transference
Efforts to test Freud’s concept have been made, and the results are mixed. It is difficult to translate many of his concepts into operational procedures that allow for an unequivocal test. Freud’s theory has more scientific backing than is commonly recognized. The emerging field of N___ R___ combines neurological objective study of the brain with psychoanalytic introspective study of the mind.
Neuropsychoanalytic Research
The motive force of personality is l__, the sexual drive
libido
E_ _ is the executor of the personality
Ego
