Interpsychic Theories: Individual & Interpersonal Psychology

Question 1

Alfred Adler’s school of thought

Answer 1

Individual Psychology

Question 2

A leading concept of Adler’s individual psychology is his emphasis on the importance of h___ c___ and s__.

Answer 2

human culture and society

Question 3

It is crucial not simply for the development of an individual personality, but also for the orientation of each and every behavior and emotion in a person’s life

Answer 3

Human society

Question 4

• refers to that urge in human nature to adapt oneself to the conditions of the social environment
• expresses itself subjectively in one’s consciousness of having something in common with other people and of being one of them
• expresses itself objectively in cooperation with others toward the betterment of human society

Answer 4

Social interest

Question 5

The principle of f__ means that individuals are oriented toward goals that guide their behavior

Answer 5

Finalism

Question 6

Adler suggested that the psych has its primary objective, the g__ o_ s___

Answer 6

Goal of Superiority

Question 7

Initially, Adler conceived of the primary motivating force as aggression. Later, he identified the primary drive as a? WTP

Answer 7

will to power

Question 8

striving for superiority arises because as human beings we feel inferior; it has origin in our encounter as infants with the environment.

Answer 8

Inferiority feelings

Question 9

Each individual develops a unique way of striving for superiority that is called a SOL

Answer 9

Style of Life

Question 10

Style of Life Results from a combination of two factors:

Answer 10

• The inner goal orientation of the individual with its particular fictional finalism.
• The forces of the environment that assist, impede, or alter the direction of the individual.

Question 11

What are Adler’s Four Primary Type of Style? RGAS-U

Answer 11

Ruling type of style
Getting type of style
Avoiding type of style
Socially-useful type of style

Question 12

aggressive, dominating people who have little social interest or cultural perception

Answer 12

Ruling type of style

Question 13

dependent people who take rather than give

Answer 13

Giving type of style

Question 14

people who try to escape life’s problems and engage in little socially constructive activity

Answer 14

Avoiding type of style

Question 15

people with a great deal of social interest and activity

Answer 15

Socially-useful type of style

Question 16

refers to one’s position within the family in terms of birth order among siblings and the presence or absence of parents or caregivers.

Answer 16

Family constellation

Question 17

• Tend to be more intelligent, achievement oriented, conforming, and affiliative.
• They often try to regain the glory that was theirs before they were dethroned by younger siblings.
• They are frequently oriented toward the past and show a high degree of concern with power, which may express itself as a desire to exercise authority, lead, or protect and help others.

Answer 17

Oldest child

Question 18

• May feel the need to accelerate and catch up with the first child.
• Often dream of running to catch things.
• They are apt to be competitive and ambitious and often surpass the firstborn in achievement and motivation.
• However, they are not as concerned with power.

Answer 18

Second child

Question 19

• Are more sociable and dependent, having been the “baby” of the family.
• They may also strive for excellence and superiority in an effort to surpass their older siblings.
• The last-born child who is spoiled and pampered may continue a helpless and dependent style of life into adulthood.

Answer 19

Last-born child

Question 20

• Tend to be more like older children in that they enjoy being the center of attention.
• Because they spend more time in the company of adults, rather than siblings, they tend to mature sooner and to adopt adultlike behaviors earlier in life.
• However, only children are also the most likely to be pampered.

Answer 20

Only child

Question 21

assists in determining whether or not the child will react actively or passively, constructively or destructively, in the quest toward superiority

Answer 21

Family atmosphere

Question 22

the climax of his theory. It is the self in its creative aspects that interprets and makes meaningful the experiences of the organism and that searches for experiences to fulfill the person’s unique style of life

Answer 22

Creative self

Question 23

CS establishes, maintains, and pursues the goals of the individual

Answer 23

Creative self

Question 24

aims at restoring the patient’s sense of reality, examining and disclosing the errors in goals and styles of life, and cultivating social interest. Adler believed that birth order, early memories, and dreams provide the best tools for assessing personality

Answer 24

Adlerian Psychotherapy

Question 25

Harry Stack Sullivan's school of thought

Answer 25

Interpersonal psychology

Question 26

is a central concept in Sullivan’s theory, as it was for Freud, conceived as any painful feeling or emotion that may arise from organic needs or social insecurity, that arises from social insecurity and thought of anxiety as interpersonal in origin, beginning with the child’s empathetic perception of the mother’s concerns

Answer 26

Anxiety

Question 27

an interpersonal device that a person uses to minimize anxiety

Answer 27

Security operation

Question 28

Some of the security operations that Sullivan described are: SSiAib

Answer 28

Sublimation Selective inattention "As-if" behavior

Question 29

expression and discharge of uncomfortable feelings in ways that are interpersonally acceptable, such as releasing anger verbally rather than by hitting or kicking the object of anger.

Answer 29

Sublimation

Question 30

the failure to observe some factor in an interpersonal relationship that might cause anxiety, such as not noticing a spouse’s flirtations because those activities threaten one’s own self-esteem.

Answer 30

Selective inattention

Question 31

means that we act out a false but practical role

Answer 31

"As-if" behavior

Question 32

a pattern of energy transformation that characterizes an individual’s interpersonal relations, and result from experiences with other people

Answer 32

Dynamism

Question 33

The child who is afraid of strangers illustrates? DOF

Answer 33

Dynamism of fear

Question 34

young male who during adolescence seek sexual relations with young women is expressing? DOL

Answer 34

Dynamism of lust

Question 35

- It is made up of all the security operations by which an individual defends the self against anxiety and ensures self-esteem - it is also a self-image constructed on the basis of interpersonal experiences

Answer 35

Self-system

Question 36

refers to the content of awareness when one is thoroughly satisfied with oneself. It is based on experiences that were rewarding and is characterized by a lack of anxiety.

Answer 36

good-me self

Question 37

is the self-awareness that is organized around experiences to be avoided because they are anxiety producing.

Answer 37

bad-me self

Question 38

entails aspects of the self that are regarded as dreadful and that cannot be permitted conscious awareness and acknowledgement.

Answer 38

not-me self

Question 39

- a group of feelings, attitudes, and thoughts that have arisen out of one’s interpersonal experiences - it can relate to the self or to other persons - are seldom accurate - nevertheless, they persist and are influential in shaping our attitudes and actions towards others

Answer 39

Personification

Question 40

frequently hinder our ability to relate to different people

Answer 40

Stereotypes or Prejudgements

Question 41

Sullivan's Stages of Development in personality development prior to adulthood: ICJePaEa

Answer 41

``` Infancy Childhood Juvenile era Preadolescence Early adolescence ```

Question 42

interpersonal relationships that crystallize around the feeling situation

Answer 42

Infancy

Question 43

the development of healthy relationships with one’s parents

Answer 43

Childhood

Question 44

the need to relate to playmates and same-sex peers

Answer 44

Juvenile era

Question 45

a chum relationship, the beginning of intimate reciprocal human relationships. Could entail overt homosexual genital activity

Answer 45

Preadolescence

Question 46

integration and stabilization of culturally appropriate adult social, vocational, and economic behavior

Answer 46

Early adolescence

Question 47

Sullivan's 3 Cognitive processes: PrPaSy

Answer 47

Prototaxic experience Parataxic experience Syntaxic experience

Question 48

which is the characteristics of the infant. There is no distinction between the self and the external world. The child directly perceives certain sensations, thoughts, and feelings but does not think about them or draw any conclusions.

Answer 48

Prototaxic experience

Question 49

perceives causal relations between events that happen together. It involves making generalizations about experience on the basis of proximity.

Answer 49

Parataxic experience

Question 50

characteristic of the young child, whose mind is too immature to understand the causal laws of nature

Answer 50

Parataxic thinking

Question 51

the highest level of cognitive activity which uses symbols and relies on consensual validation, or agreement among persons; it relies upon symbols whose meaning is shared by other people in one’s culture, such as the use of language. S__ t__ begins to develop in childhood. Ideally as adults our experience is almost completely symbolic and dependent on syntaxic modes of cognition.

Answer 51

Syntaxic experience

Question 52

an observer is also a participant in the event being observed. While also observing what is going on, the psychiatrist invariably affects the relationship and alters the other person’s behavior

Answer 52

Participant observation

Question 53

Sullivan’s Four Stages of Interview Process in Psychotherapy: IRDiT

Answer 53

Inception Reconnaissance Detailed inquiry Termination

Question 54

the beginning, during which the patient introduces the problem

Answer 54

Inception

Question 55

during which the therapist raises questions in order to develop a case history and tentative hypotheses about the patient

Answer 55

Reconnaissance

Question 56

in which the therapist tests his or her hypotheses by observing the patient’s behavior and responses

Answer 56

Detailed inquiry

Question 57

a structured ending during which the therapist summarizes what has been learned and prescribes some kind of action that the patient might take in regard to his or her problem

Answer 57

Termination

Question 58

treats psychological problems in the context of the family

Answer 58

Family therapy