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Theories of Personality > Evaluating Personality Theories > Flashcards

Evaluating Personality Theories Flashcards

1
Q

It is difficult to define because there is little common agreement on how the term should be used; someone’s public image

A

Personality

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2
Q

According to _____, Personality is something real within an individual that leads to characteristic behavior and thought

A

Gordon Allport

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3
Q

According to _____, Personality or Self is an organized consistent pattern of perception of the I or Me that lies at the heart of an individual’s experiences

A

Carl Rogers

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4
Q

According to ____, Personality is an unnecessary construct

A

B.F. Skinner

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5
Q

According to, _____, Personality is largely unconscious, hidden, and unknown

A

Sigmund Freud

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6
Q

refers to the act of viewing, contemplating, or thinking about something.

A

Theoria

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7
Q

a set of abstract concepts developed about a group of facts or events in order to explain them

A

Theory

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8
Q

Two traditions inform contemporary theories of personality. One stems from ____ and ____. The other stems from _____ and _____.

PL AR PA CP

A

Psychological Laboratories & Academic Research; Psychoanalysis & Clinical Psychology

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9
Q

Study of personality usually focused on uncovering general principles of personality through research methods such as correlations and experiments

A

Academic Psychology

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10
Q

it is typically conducted in an academic setting

Precursor: Wilhelm Wundt

A

Academic Psychology

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11
Q

Study of personality primarily through research on individuals by way of methods such as case histories

A

Clinical Practice

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12
Q

it is typically conducted in a psychotherapeutic or clinical environment
Precursor: Sigmund Freud

A

Clinical Practice

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13
Q

Personality theorists work out of three complementary orientations: PSA

A

Philosophy, Science, and Arts

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14
Q

personality theorists seek to explore assumptions about what it means to be a person

A

Philosophers

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15
Q

they hope to develop a workable set of hypotheses that will help us understand human behavior

A

Scientists

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16
Q

they seek to apply what is known about people and behavior to foster a better life

A

Artists

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17
Q

The very act of theorizing, or thinking about what we see

A

Philosophical Assumptions

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18
Q

some theorists believe that individuals basically have control over their behaviors and understand the motives behind them. Others believe that human behavior is basically determined by internal or external forces over which individuals have little, if any, control.

A

Freedom vs. Determinism

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19
Q

theorists differ over whether inherited and inborn characteristics or factors in the environment have the more important influence on human behavior

A

Heredity vs. Environment

20
Q

some theorists believe that each individual is unique and cannot be compared with others. Others contend that people are basically very similar

A

Uniqueness vs. Universality

21
Q

proactive theories view human beings as acting on their initiative rather than simply reacting. The sources of behavior are perceived as lying within the individual, who does more than just react to stimuli from the outside world.

A

Proactivity vs. Reactivity

22
Q

do significant changes in personality and behavior occur throughout the course of a lifetime? If an individual is motivated, can genuine changes be affected in personality? Can we help others to change by restructuring their environment? Some personality theories are decidedly more optimistic and hopeful than others concerning these possibilities.

A

Optimism vs. Pessimism

23
Q

______ suggest that things are not necessarily what they appear to be. They are based on a special Epiphany, or a perception of essential meaning

A

Philosophical assumptions

24
Q

_______ tend to be global and do not allow for any exceptions. They often are implicit rather than explicit

A

Philosophical statements

25
Q

What are the criteria for Evaluating Philosophical Assumptions? CRCC

A

Coherence
Relevance
Comprehensiveness
Compellingness

26
Q

based directly on observation

A

Empirical

27
Q

referring to the object of experience

A

Objective

28
Q

referring to an experience of seeing

A

Subjective

29
Q

A conclusion that something is true about many or all of the members of a certain class

A

Generalization

30
Q

specifies which behaviors are included in the concert

A

Operational definitions

31
Q

are imaginary or hypothetical and cannot be seen with the naked eye or even with sophisticated optical equipment, in order to explain what we observe

A

Scientific construct

32
Q

What are the Criteria for Evaluating Scientific statements? VUCPpS

A 
Verifiability 
Usefulness 
Compatibility 
Predictive power 
Simplicity
33
Q

What are the three applications of Personality theory? ARP

A

Assessment
Research
Psychotherapy

34
Q

Two major approaches to assessing personality are: P & PT

A

Psychometric & Projective Techniques

35
Q

Three Primary Research Approaches used in personality are the: CA, PA, & EA

A

Clinical Approach, Psychometric Approach, and Experimental Approach

36
Q

the effort to apply the findings of personality theory in ways that will assist individuals and meet human goals

A

Psychotherapy

37
Q

means attending and healing

A

Therapeia

38
Q

Three major motives or goals of Psychotherapy: SM, EM, CM

A

Scholarly motive, Ethical motive, & Curative motive

39
Q

It considers therapy as a means of understanding the self and human nature

A

Scholarly motive

40
Q

was the tool of Freud for discovering truths about human nature

A

Psychoanalysis

41
Q

His goal was to help the individual acquire self-understanding and to develop a comprehensive theory of human nature. He developed Psychoanalysis as a method of research aimed at these ends and for discovering truths about human nature.

A

Sigmund Freud

42
Q

considers therapy as a means of helping the individual to change, improve, grow, and better the quality of life

A

Ethical motive

43
Q

His emphasis is on a climate created by the therapist that permits change to occur within the client rather than on cognitive understanding or the manipulation of behavior.

A

Carl Rogers

44
Q

aims directly at eliminating troublesome symptoms and substituting more suitable behavior.

A

Curative motive

45
Q

a model or concept of the world that is shared by the members of a community and that governs their activities

A

Paradigm

46
Q
  • Scholarly therapies should be evaluated on the basis of their contributions to the understanding of the self and human nature
  • Ethical therapies should be evaluated in terms of the suitability of the climate they create for fostering change and life improvement
  • Curative therapies should be evaluated on the basis of symptom remission and number of cures
A

Evaluating Psychotherapy

47
Q

appearance, or manifestation

A

Epiphaneia

Theories of Personality (10 decks)

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