Trace Minerals Flashcards
Functions of Chromium
Insulin Secretion
Chromium Deficiency
Insulin Resistance
Iodine Functions
Part of T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
Iodine Deficiency
Gioter
Iodine Toxicity
Hypothyroidism and Burning Mouth
Molybdenum Sources
Plants
Molybdenum Functions
Cofactor for Sulfur Metabolism
Uric Acid Synthesis
Molybdenum Toxicity
Gout
Maganese Functions
Superoxide Dismutase in Mitochrondria
Maganese Sources
Plants
Maganese Toxicity
Tremors
Copper Functions
Collagen Crosslinking
Part of ATP
Copper Deficiency
Skin Depigmentation
Genetic Type - Menkes Syndrome
** leads to iron deficiency
Copper Toxicity
Wilsons Disease -
Kayser Fleischer Rings Around Cornea
Zinc Source
Oysters
Zinc Functions
Folate Digestion (natural) Synthetic Zinc will cause decreased Folic Acid absorption
Zinc Toxicity
Metallic Taste
Zinc Deficiency
Decreased Taste and Dermatitis
Heme Iron Sources
Beef and Fish
Heme Iron is absorbed by ____
Facilitated Diffusion va HCP1
Heme or Non heme Iron is absorbed more?
Heme Iron
Heme Iron Functions
Transport Oxygen
Part of Cytochromes
Non Heme Iron Sources
Plants and Supplements
Non Heme Iron Is Digested By _____
Ferroreductase (requires Vit C)
Non Heme Iron is Absorbed by ______
Facilitated Diffusion using DMT
Iron is transported out of the enterocyte using ___
Ferroportin ** Requires Copper
Iron Toxicity
Hemochromatosis and Organ Damage
Iron Deficiency
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia
- Symptoms are Pallor, Fatigue and Decreased Immunity
Who is at risk for Iron Deficiency
Males - 6mo-2yr and runners 10-19
Females - 10-44 and all athletes
Flouride Functions
Decreases Cavities
Bone Mineralization
Flouride Toxicity
Bone Pitting Teeth Mottling (browning)
Flouride Deficiency
Cavities and Osteoporosis
Flouride Sources
Flourided water and toothpaste
Selenium Functions
Cofactor for Glutathione Peroxidase
and T3 to T4
Selenium Source
Brazil Nuts
Selenium Toxicity
“Selenosis” - causes Brittle Nails
Selenium Deficiency
Prevalent in China
Depends on Soil Content
Keshans Disease - Heart Disease in Kids
Kashin Becks Disease - Osteoarthritis
Which disease that causes selenium deficiency is related to heart disease in kids?
Keshans Disease
Which disease that causes selenium Deficiency is related to osteoarthritis?
Kashin Becks Disease
What is the required intake of trace minerals?
1-100mg/day
What is the Storage Protein for Iron? Where is it found?
Ferritin
- Found in Bone Marrow, Spleen, Liver and Enterocyte
Which Protein transports Iron through the Blood?
Transferrin
What amount is required for Ultratrace minerals?
less than 1mg/day
What is the Full name for T4
Thyroxine
What is the Full name for T3
triiodothyronine
what is the cofactor for ferroportin
Copper
** allows iron to be transported out of the enterocyte
which type of anemia goes with iron deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia
most abundant mineral in body? In brain?
calcium (skeleton)
Iron - Brain