Lipids - Final - Kailey Flashcards
How many kcal/g do lipids provide?
9kcal/g
what are the functions of lipids
Mouthfeel
Cell membranes
Energy at rest
Energy during LOW intensity Exercise
Short and Medium Chain FA are Transported in the Blood Via _________?
Albumin
Long Chain FA are transported in the blood via __________
Lipoproteins
Do Short and Medium chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochindria?
No
Do Long chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochondria?
Yes
what is the AMDR for Lipids?
20-35%
What are an example of Saturated Fats?
Hydrogenated Fats
What effect do saturated fats have on LDL?
Increase
What are the Two types of MUFAs
CIS and TRANS
what effect do CIS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?
Decrease LDL
Increase HDL
What effect to TRANS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?
Decrease HDL
Increase LDL
What should you swap TRANS MUFA’s For
MUFAs and PUFAs
What are the two types of PUFAs
N3 or N6
What are types of N3 PUFA
DHA or EPA
What happen to EPA as it goes through the COX pathway?
3 series PG is produced
3 series TX is produced
what happen to EPA as it goes through the LOX pathway
5 series LT is produces
what happens to ARA as it goes through the COX Pathway
2 Series PG
2 Series TX
What happens to ARA as it goes through the LOX pathway
4 series LT = Inflammatory
what is an example of an N6 PUFA
ARA
How is superoxide (radical) produced by?
Respiratory Burst in WBCs
Detoxification of Cytochrome P450’s
Electron Transport Chain
How do you quench Superoxide?
Superoxide Dismutase
(requires Copper and Zinc in cytosol or Maganese in Mitochondria)
How is Hydrogen Peroxide (nonradical) Produced?
Respiratory Burst of WBCs
Tissue Hypoxia
How is Singlet Oxygen (nonradical) Produced?
Respiratory Burst of WBC’s
Photooxidation (UVA absorption)
How do you quench Hydrogen Peroxide?
Glutathionine Peroxidase or a catalase
What does glutathionine Peroxidase require?
Selenium
What does Catalase require?
Iron
How is Hydroxyl Radical Produced?
Tissue Damage
Respiratory Burst in WBC
which is the most potent ROS
Hydroxyl Radical
What is ONOO-
Peroxynitrite (Superoxide + Nitric Oxide)
Why is ONOO- bad
it can fragment DNA
What transports lipids?
Chylomicrons
LDL
HDL
VLDL
Chylomicrons contain mostly _________
Triglycerides
VLDL contains mostly __________
Triglycerides
HDL contains Mostly ______
Protein
LDL contains Mostly _______
Cholesterol
What Apoproteins are found on HDL? What are their functions?
ApoA-1 - Activates LCAT to pick up free cholesterol
ApoE - LDL recept ligand (Binds to LDL receptor)
What Apoproteins are found on LDL? What are their functions
ApoB-100 - LDL receptor Ligans (binds to LDL receptor)
What Apoproteins are found on Chylomicrons? What are their functions?
ApoC-2 - induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol on FA)
What Apoproteins are found on VLDL? What are their Functions
ApoC-2 - Induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol and FA)
What happens in Lipolysis
1) Use ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase) to durn a TG into a DG (rate Limiting step)
2) Use HSL (hormone sensitive Lipase) to turn DG into a MG
3) Use MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase) to run MG into Glycerol
What enzyme do you use to break down a TG in to a DG
ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase)
What enzyme do you use to break down a DG into a MG
HSL (Hormone sensitive Lipase)
What enzyme do you use to break down an MG into a Glycerol
MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase)
Which enzymes activate Lipoprotein Lipase?
ApoC-2 found on Chylomicrons and VLDL
