Lipids - Final - Kailey

Question 1

How many kcal/g do lipids provide?

Answer 1

9kcal/g

Question 2

what are the functions of lipids

Answer 2

Mouthfeel
Cell membranes
Energy at rest
Energy during LOW intensity Exercise

Question 3

Short and Medium Chain FA are Transported in the Blood Via _________?

Answer 3

Albumin

Question 4

Long Chain FA are transported in the blood via __________

Answer 4

Lipoproteins

Question 5

Do Short and Medium chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochindria?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Do Long chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochondria?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

what is the AMDR for Lipids?

Answer 7

20-35%

Question 8

What are an example of Saturated Fats?

Answer 8

Hydrogenated Fats

Question 9

What effect do saturated fats have on LDL?

Answer 9

Increase

Question 10

What are the Two types of MUFAs

Answer 10

CIS and TRANS

Question 11

what effect do CIS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?

Answer 11

Decrease LDL

Increase HDL

Question 12

What effect to TRANS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?

Answer 12

Decrease HDL

Increase LDL

Question 13

What should you swap TRANS MUFA’s For

Answer 13

MUFAs and PUFAs

Question 14

What are the two types of PUFAs

Answer 14

N3 or N6

Question 15

What are types of N3 PUFA

Answer 15

DHA or EPA

Question 16

What happen to EPA as it goes through the COX pathway?

Answer 16

3 series PG is produced

3 series TX is produced

Question 17

what happen to EPA as it goes through the LOX pathway

Answer 17

5 series LT is produces

Question 18

what happens to ARA as it goes through the COX Pathway

Answer 18

2 Series PG

2 Series TX

Question 19

What happens to ARA as it goes through the LOX pathway

Answer 19

4 series LT = Inflammatory

Question 20

what is an example of an N6 PUFA

Answer 20

ARA

Question 21

How is superoxide (radical) produced by?

Answer 21

Respiratory Burst in WBCs
Detoxification of Cytochrome P450’s
Electron Transport Chain

Question 22

How do you quench Superoxide?

Answer 22

Superoxide Dismutase

(requires Copper and Zinc in cytosol or Maganese in Mitochondria)

Question 23

How is Hydrogen Peroxide (nonradical) Produced?

Answer 23

Respiratory Burst of WBCs

Tissue Hypoxia

Question 24

How is Singlet Oxygen (nonradical) Produced?

Answer 24

Respiratory Burst of WBC’s

Photooxidation (UVA absorption)

Question 25

How do you quench Hydrogen Peroxide?

Answer 25

Glutathionine Peroxidase or a catalase

Question 26

What does glutathionine Peroxidase require?

Answer 26

Selenium

Question 27

What does Catalase require?

Answer 27

Iron

Question 28

How is Hydroxyl Radical Produced?

Answer 28

Tissue Damage | Respiratory Burst in WBC

Question 29

which is the most potent ROS

Answer 29

Hydroxyl Radical

Question 30

What is ONOO-

Answer 30

Peroxynitrite (Superoxide + Nitric Oxide)

Question 31

Why is ONOO- bad

Answer 31

it can fragment DNA

Question 32

What transports lipids?

Answer 32

Chylomicrons LDL HDL VLDL

Question 33

Chylomicrons contain mostly _________

Answer 33

Triglycerides

Question 34

VLDL contains mostly __________

Answer 34

Triglycerides

Question 35

HDL contains Mostly ______

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

LDL contains Mostly _______

Answer 36

Cholesterol

Question 37

What Apoproteins are found on HDL? What are their functions?

Answer 37

ApoA-1 - Activates LCAT to pick up free cholesterol | ApoE - LDL recept ligand (Binds to LDL receptor)

Question 38

What Apoproteins are found on LDL? What are their functions

Answer 38

ApoB-100 - LDL receptor Ligans (binds to LDL receptor)

Question 39

What Apoproteins are found on Chylomicrons? What are their functions?

Answer 39

ApoC-2 - induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol on FA)

Question 40

What Apoproteins are found on VLDL? What are their Functions

Answer 40

ApoC-2 - Induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol and FA)

Question 41

What happens in Lipolysis

Answer 41

1) Use ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase) to durn a TG into a DG (rate Limiting step) 2) Use HSL (hormone sensitive Lipase) to turn DG into a MG 3) Use MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase) to run MG into Glycerol

Question 42

What enzyme do you use to break down a TG in to a DG

Answer 42

ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase)

Question 43

What enzyme do you use to break down a DG into a MG

Answer 43

HSL (Hormone sensitive Lipase)

Question 44

What enzyme do you use to break down an MG into a Glycerol

Answer 44

MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase)

Question 45

Which enzymes activate Lipoprotein Lipase?

Answer 45

ApoC-2 found on Chylomicrons and VLDL