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Nutrition - Kailey > Lipids - Final - Kailey > Flashcards

Lipids - Final - Kailey Flashcards

1
Q

How many kcal/g do lipids provide?

A

9kcal/g

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2
Q

what are the functions of lipids

A

Mouthfeel
Cell membranes
Energy at rest
Energy during LOW intensity Exercise

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3
Q

Short and Medium Chain FA are Transported in the Blood Via _________?

A

Albumin

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4
Q

Long Chain FA are transported in the blood via __________

A

Lipoproteins

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5
Q

Do Short and Medium chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochindria?

A

No

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6
Q

Do Long chain FA’s require Carnitine to enter mitochondria?

A

Yes

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7
Q

what is the AMDR for Lipids?

A

20-35%

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8
Q

What are an example of Saturated Fats?

A

Hydrogenated Fats

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9
Q

What effect do saturated fats have on LDL?

A

Increase

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10
Q

What are the Two types of MUFAs

A

CIS and TRANS

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11
Q

what effect do CIS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?

A

Decrease LDL

Increase HDL

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12
Q

What effect to TRANS MUFA’s have on LDL? HDL?

A

Decrease HDL

Increase LDL

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13
Q

What should you swap TRANS MUFA’s For

A

MUFAs and PUFAs

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14
Q

What are the two types of PUFAs

A

N3 or N6

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15
Q

What are types of N3 PUFA

A

DHA or EPA

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16
Q

What happen to EPA as it goes through the COX pathway?

A

3 series PG is produced

3 series TX is produced

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17
Q

what happen to EPA as it goes through the LOX pathway

A

5 series LT is produces

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18
Q

what happens to ARA as it goes through the COX Pathway

A

2 Series PG

2 Series TX

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19
Q

What happens to ARA as it goes through the LOX pathway

A

4 series LT = Inflammatory

20
Q

what is an example of an N6 PUFA

A

ARA

21
Q

How is superoxide (radical) produced by?

A

Respiratory Burst in WBCs
Detoxification of Cytochrome P450’s
Electron Transport Chain

22
Q

How do you quench Superoxide?

A

Superoxide Dismutase

(requires Copper and Zinc in cytosol or Maganese in Mitochondria)

23
Q

How is Hydrogen Peroxide (nonradical) Produced?

A

Respiratory Burst of WBCs

Tissue Hypoxia

24
Q

How is Singlet Oxygen (nonradical) Produced?

A

Respiratory Burst of WBC’s

Photooxidation (UVA absorption)

25
Q

How do you quench Hydrogen Peroxide?

A

Glutathionine Peroxidase or a catalase

26
Q

What does glutathionine Peroxidase require?

A

Selenium

27
Q

What does Catalase require?

A

Iron

28
Q

How is Hydroxyl Radical Produced?

A

Tissue Damage

Respiratory Burst in WBC

29
Q

which is the most potent ROS

A

Hydroxyl Radical

30
Q

What is ONOO-

A

Peroxynitrite (Superoxide + Nitric Oxide)

31
Q

Why is ONOO- bad

A

it can fragment DNA

32
Q

What transports lipids?

A

Chylomicrons
LDL
HDL
VLDL

33
Q

Chylomicrons contain mostly _________

A

Triglycerides

34
Q

VLDL contains mostly __________

A

Triglycerides

35
Q

HDL contains Mostly ______

A

Protein

36
Q

LDL contains Mostly _______

A

Cholesterol

37
Q

What Apoproteins are found on HDL? What are their functions?

A

ApoA-1 - Activates LCAT to pick up free cholesterol

ApoE - LDL recept ligand (Binds to LDL receptor)

38
Q

What Apoproteins are found on LDL? What are their functions

A

ApoB-100 - LDL receptor Ligans (binds to LDL receptor)

39
Q

What Apoproteins are found on Chylomicrons? What are their functions?

A

ApoC-2 - induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol on FA)

40
Q

What Apoproteins are found on VLDL? What are their Functions

A

ApoC-2 - Induce Lipoprotein Lipase (break down TG to Glycerol and FA)

41
Q

What happens in Lipolysis

A

1) Use ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase) to durn a TG into a DG (rate Limiting step)
2) Use HSL (hormone sensitive Lipase) to turn DG into a MG
3) Use MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase) to run MG into Glycerol

42
Q

What enzyme do you use to break down a TG in to a DG

A

ATL (Adipose Triglyceride Lipase)

43
Q

What enzyme do you use to break down a DG into a MG

A

HSL (Hormone sensitive Lipase)

44
Q

What enzyme do you use to break down an MG into a Glycerol

A

MGL (Monoglyceride Lipase)

45
Q

Which enzymes activate Lipoprotein Lipase?

A

ApoC-2 found on Chylomicrons and VLDL

Nutrition - Kailey (6 decks)

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