Major Minerals Flashcards
Calicum is Absorbed by ___
Active Transport using Calbindin 9K
and Passive Diffusion
Calcium Functions
Bone Mineralization
Cell Signaling
Calcium Source
Dairy
Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia) is caused by
increased calcium intake
or hyperparathyroidism
Symptoms of Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia)
hallucinations
Extreme fatigue
constipation
Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia) Symptoms
Tetany and Osteoporosis
Phosphorous Sources
Animals
Phosphorous Functions
ATP and cAMP
Enzyme Regulation (Covalent Modification)
Phospholipid
Bone Mineralization
Phosphorous Toxicity (Hyperphosphatemia) Symptoms
Leads to Hypocalcemia
Phosphorous Deficiency (Hypophosphatemia) Symptoms
Arrythmias
Sodium Sources
Table Salt (NaCl)
Sodium Toxicity
“Hypernatremia”
- Tetany and Osteoporosis
- Increase Calcium Excretion - leads to Hypocalcemia
Sodium Functions
Fluid Balance
Nerve Transmission
Sodium Deficiency
“Hyponatremia”
- Muscle Cramping
Potassium Functions
Fluid Balance
Nerve Transmission
Potassium Sources
Cantelope
Sweet Potatoes
Bananas
Potassium Toxicity
Hyperkalemia
- Arrythmias
Sublinical Potassium Deficiency
Hypertension
Chloride Functions
Fluid Balance
HCl
Chloride Sources
NaCl (Table Salt)
Magnesium Sources
Plants Mostly but also Nuts
Magnesium Function
Muscle Relaxer
Cofactor - Stabilize ATP
PTH Secretion
Bone Mineralization
Magnesium Toxicity
Hypermagnesemia
- Slurred Speech, Migraines
Magnesium Deficiency
Hypomagnesemia
- Leads to Hypocalcemia (Tetany and Osteoporosis)
- Muscle Weakness
Potassium Deficiency
Hypokalemia
- Arrythmias
Which Major Minerals Function in Bone Mineralization
Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium
Deficiency in which major Minerals may lead to Hypocalcemia
Calcium, Magnesium
Toxicity in which major Minerals may lead to hypocalcemia
Sodium and Phosphorous
which major minerals best sources are table salt
Sodium and Chloride
which major minerals function in fluid balance
potassium, sodium and chloride
which minerals toxicity and deficiency will lead to arrythmias
potassium
T or F major minerals are naturally mined?
T
What inhibits the absorption of major minerals
oxalate (legumes and chocolate)
phytate (whole grains) and
tannins (chocolate, red wine, green tea)
What enhances absorption of major minerals?
acidic environment
what is the dose required for major minerals
more than 100mg/day
all minerals except non-heme iron are absorbed in which form?
Ion form
which calbindin is in the small intestine? in the kidneys?
9k - SI
28k - Kidneys
What are the RDA’s for Calcium?
Adult (19-50) 1000mg
Older (>51) - 1200mg
