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Nutrition - Kailey > Major Minerals > Flashcards

Major Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Calicum is Absorbed by ___

A

Active Transport using Calbindin 9K

and Passive Diffusion

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2
Q

Calcium Functions

A

Bone Mineralization

Cell Signaling

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3
Q

Calcium Source

A

Dairy

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4
Q

Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia) is caused by

A

increased calcium intake

or hyperparathyroidism

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5
Q

Symptoms of Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia)

A

hallucinations
Extreme fatigue
constipation

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6
Q

Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia) Symptoms

A

Tetany and Osteoporosis

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7
Q

Phosphorous Sources

A

Animals

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8
Q

Phosphorous Functions

A

ATP and cAMP
Enzyme Regulation (Covalent Modification)
Phospholipid
Bone Mineralization

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9
Q

Phosphorous Toxicity (Hyperphosphatemia) Symptoms

A

Leads to Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

Phosphorous Deficiency (Hypophosphatemia) Symptoms

A

Arrythmias

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11
Q

Sodium Sources

A

Table Salt (NaCl)

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12
Q

Sodium Toxicity

A

“Hypernatremia”

  • Tetany and Osteoporosis
  • Increase Calcium Excretion - leads to Hypocalcemia
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13
Q

Sodium Functions

A

Fluid Balance

Nerve Transmission

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14
Q

Sodium Deficiency

A

“Hyponatremia”

- Muscle Cramping

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15
Q

Potassium Functions

A

Fluid Balance

Nerve Transmission

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16
Q

Potassium Sources

A

Cantelope
Sweet Potatoes
Bananas

17
Q

Potassium Toxicity

A

Hyperkalemia

- Arrythmias

18
Q

Sublinical Potassium Deficiency

A

Hypertension

19
Q

Chloride Functions

A

Fluid Balance

HCl

20
Q

Chloride Sources

A

NaCl (Table Salt)

21
Q

Magnesium Sources

A

Plants Mostly but also Nuts

22
Q

Magnesium Function

A

Muscle Relaxer
Cofactor - Stabilize ATP
PTH Secretion
Bone Mineralization

23
Q

Magnesium Toxicity

A

Hypermagnesemia

- Slurred Speech, Migraines

24
Q

Magnesium Deficiency

A

Hypomagnesemia

  • Leads to Hypocalcemia (Tetany and Osteoporosis)
  • Muscle Weakness
25
Q

Potassium Deficiency

A

Hypokalemia

- Arrythmias

26
Q

Which Major Minerals Function in Bone Mineralization

A

Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium

27
Q

Deficiency in which major Minerals may lead to Hypocalcemia

A

Calcium, Magnesium

28
Q

Toxicity in which major Minerals may lead to hypocalcemia

A

Sodium and Phosphorous

29
Q

which major minerals best sources are table salt

A

Sodium and Chloride

30
Q

which major minerals function in fluid balance

A

potassium, sodium and chloride

31
Q

which minerals toxicity and deficiency will lead to arrythmias

A

potassium

32
Q

T or F major minerals are naturally mined?

A

T

33
Q

What inhibits the absorption of major minerals

A

oxalate (legumes and chocolate)
phytate (whole grains) and
tannins (chocolate, red wine, green tea)

34
Q

What enhances absorption of major minerals?

A

acidic environment

35
Q

what is the dose required for major minerals

A

more than 100mg/day

36
Q

all minerals except non-heme iron are absorbed in which form?

A

Ion form

37
Q

which calbindin is in the small intestine? in the kidneys?

A

9k - SI

28k - Kidneys

38
Q

What are the RDA’s for Calcium?

A

Adult (19-50) 1000mg

Older (>51) - 1200mg

Nutrition - Kailey (6 decks)

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