Major Minerals

Question 1

Calicum is Absorbed by ___

Answer 1

Active Transport using Calbindin 9K

and Passive Diffusion

Question 2

Calcium Functions

Answer 2

Bone Mineralization

Cell Signaling

Question 3

Calcium Source

Answer 3

Dairy

Question 4

Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia) is caused by

Answer 4

increased calcium intake

or hyperparathyroidism

Question 5

Symptoms of Calcium Toxicity (Hypercalcemia)

Answer 5

hallucinations
Extreme fatigue
constipation

Question 6

Calcium Deficiency (Hypocalcemia) Symptoms

Answer 6

Tetany and Osteoporosis

Question 7

Phosphorous Sources

Answer 7

Animals

Question 8

Phosphorous Functions

Answer 8

ATP and cAMP
Enzyme Regulation (Covalent Modification)
Phospholipid
Bone Mineralization

Question 9

Phosphorous Toxicity (Hyperphosphatemia) Symptoms

Answer 9

Leads to Hypocalcemia

Question 10

Phosphorous Deficiency (Hypophosphatemia) Symptoms

Answer 10

Arrythmias

Question 11

Sodium Sources

Answer 11

Table Salt (NaCl)

Question 12

Sodium Toxicity

Answer 12

“Hypernatremia”

• Tetany and Osteoporosis
• Increase Calcium Excretion - leads to Hypocalcemia

Question 13

Sodium Functions

Answer 13

Fluid Balance

Nerve Transmission

Question 14

Sodium Deficiency

Answer 14

“Hyponatremia”

- Muscle Cramping

Question 15

Potassium Functions

Answer 15

Fluid Balance

Nerve Transmission

Question 16

Potassium Sources

Answer 16

Cantelope
Sweet Potatoes
Bananas

Question 17

Potassium Toxicity

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia

- Arrythmias

Question 18

Sublinical Potassium Deficiency

Answer 18

Hypertension

Question 19

Chloride Functions

Answer 19

Fluid Balance

HCl

Question 20

Chloride Sources

Answer 20

NaCl (Table Salt)

Question 21

Magnesium Sources

Answer 21

Plants Mostly but also Nuts

Question 22

Magnesium Function

Answer 22

Muscle Relaxer
Cofactor - Stabilize ATP
PTH Secretion
Bone Mineralization

Question 23

Magnesium Toxicity

Answer 23

Hypermagnesemia

- Slurred Speech, Migraines

Question 24

Magnesium Deficiency

Answer 24

Hypomagnesemia

• Leads to Hypocalcemia (Tetany and Osteoporosis)
• Muscle Weakness

Question 25

Potassium Deficiency

Answer 25

Hypokalemia | - Arrythmias

Question 26

Which Major Minerals Function in Bone Mineralization

Answer 26

Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium

Question 27

Deficiency in which major Minerals may lead to Hypocalcemia

Answer 27

Calcium, Magnesium

Question 28

Toxicity in which major Minerals may lead to hypocalcemia

Answer 28

Sodium and Phosphorous

Question 29

which major minerals best sources are table salt

Answer 29

Sodium and Chloride

Question 30

which major minerals function in fluid balance

Answer 30

potassium, sodium and chloride

Question 31

which minerals toxicity and deficiency will lead to arrythmias

Answer 31

potassium

Question 32

T or F major minerals are naturally mined?

Answer 32

T

Question 33

What inhibits the absorption of major minerals

Answer 33

oxalate (legumes and chocolate) phytate (whole grains) and tannins (chocolate, red wine, green tea)

Question 34

What enhances absorption of major minerals?

Answer 34

acidic environment

Question 35

what is the dose required for major minerals

Answer 35

more than 100mg/day

Question 36

all minerals except non-heme iron are absorbed in which form?

Answer 36

Ion form

Question 37

which calbindin is in the small intestine? in the kidneys?

Answer 37

9k - SI | 28k - Kidneys

Question 38

What are the RDA's for Calcium?

Answer 38

Adult (19-50) 1000mg | Older (>51) - 1200mg