TP2 Cells & Homeostasis Flashcards
What are the different cells in the body? (4 types)
Muscle cells
Nerve cells
Epithelial cells
Connective tissue
Describe muscle cells (2 pts)
- Movement voluntary OR involuntary
- Contract/generate force
Where are muscle cells found? (3 pts)
- Connecting bones
- Heart
- Other organs such as the gastro-intestinal tract
Role of connective tissue and location.
To connect, anchor and support.
Located in extracellular matrix
Role of nerve cells (2 pts)
- Initiate and transmit electrical impulses
- Control & regulate:
- muscle contraction
- gland secretion
- sensory perception
- thoughts, memory &
emotions.
Describe the role of epithelial cells (3 pts)
- Forms barrier - separates body and external environment
- Lines hollow organs
- Forms glands (specialised tissue for excretion)
Describe tissues
Group of the same cell type
Define homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment - dynamic equilibrium
Describe organs
Two or more tissue types that work together
Describe organ systems
Group of two or more organs that work together to carry out a specific function
How is homeostasis maintained
Regulation of different systems.
Negative and Positive feedback mechanisms.
What factors does homeostasis mechanisms control? (5 pts)
- Conc. O2, CO2, H2O &
electrolytes. - Blood pH.
- Temperature.
- Heart rate.
- Supply of energy.
Describe the structure of cell membranes
- All cells contain a plasma membrane - maintains composition of fluids inside and outside cells.
- Consists of phospholipids & proteins (lipid bilayer)
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Enables exchange of nutrients
What is the function of proteins? (6 pts)
- channels
- carriers
- receptors
- membrane-bound enzymes
- cell adhesion molecules
- self identity markers
