Toxoplasma gondii

Question 1

DH

Answer 1

domestic felids

Question 2

IH

Answer 2

almost all warm- blooded animals

Question 3

Ingestion of ___ tissue and digestion of ____ starts the life cycle

Answer 3

IH; sarcocysts

Question 4

Usporulated oocysts are passed in feces, then sporulation occurs where?

Answer 4

OUTSIDE of the host

Question 5

Sporulation occurs in __-__ days

Answer 5

1-5 days (about 48 hours)

Question 6

Oocysts are infective to DH and IH when ____

Answer 6

sporulated

Question 7

Ingestion of sporulated occyst occurs by the DH or IH?

Answer 7

IH

Question 8

IH–> extraintestinal excystation to _____

Answer 8

sarcocyst

Question 9

____ cysts (bradyzoites) can be ingested by humans in uncooked meat or contaminated food/water

Answer 9

tissue

Question 10

IH–> ______ transmitted through ______

Answer 10

Tachyzoites; placenta and mammary (vertical transmission)

Question 11

Infectious stage of DH:

Answer 11

Sporulated oocyst

Question 12

Infectious stage of IH:

Answer 12

Tissue cyst, sporulated oocyst

Question 13

route of transmission

Answer 13

oocysts are ingested (direct), ingestion of tissue cysts in IH (INdirect), transplacental or transmammary transmission can occur BUT is rare

Question 14

PPP

Answer 14

3-10 days

Question 15

Clinical signs of felids

Answer 15

Usually subclinical; Cats with clinical disease are unlikely shedding Oocysts
“Feline toxoplasmosos”- concurrent infection, immunosuppression, fever, weight loss, lethargy, anorexia, Retinochoroiditis, uveitis, encephalitis, myocarditis

Question 16

Clinical signs of sheep

Answer 16

abortions

Question 17

Clinical signs of goats

Answer 17

abortions

Question 18

Clinical signs of cattle

Answer 18

resistant to infection, seropositive, tissue cysts are undetectable

Question 19

Clinical signs of chickens

Answer 19

resistent to infection, seropositive, DOOOOO have tissue cysts

Question 20

Clinical signs in Horse:

Answer 20

resistent

Question 21

clinical signs in Dogs:

Answer 21

toxoplasmosis is rare, vertical transmission is rare

Question 22

clinical signs in wildlife

Answer 22

seroprevalence high in may wildlife populations, clinical toxoplasmosis in species including marsupials, non-human primates and etc.

Question 23

Clinical signs in Humans

Answer 23

abortions

Question 24

Some animals also experience this

Answer 24

behavioral changes (IN IH) after infection

Question 25

Fecal floatation

Answer 25

rarely detects oocysts 10-12 micrometers

Question 26

treatment is

Answer 26

clindamycin hydrochloride and removing feces daily