Leishmania infantum

Question 1

Does Leishmania infantum have zoonotic potential?

Answer 1

Yes, and in US!!!!!

Question 2

DH

Answer 2

Vert. hosts, dogs, cats, foxes, horses, mammals, and humans

Question 3

What are the most prevalent DH in US?

Answer 3

Foxhounds

Question 4

Reservoir host:

Answer 4

dogs for humans

Question 5

Life cycle includes __ __

Answer 5

Sand fly

Question 6

part one of the life cycle

Answer 6

• Sand fly ingests amastigotes during blood meal
o Amastigotes– promastigotes and divide
o Metacyclic promastigotes mirgrate to sandfly nose to enter vertebrate host during next blood meal

Question 7

Second part of the life cycle

Answer 7

• Vertevra host is bitten by fly
o Promastigotes injected
o Phagocytosized by macrophages–amastigotes
o Divide and binary fission inside macrophage
o Invade new cells (various tissues)

Question 8

Systemic in monoculear phagocytes include what 3 areas?

Answer 8

Skin, bone marrow, visceral organs

Question 9

Infective stage for DH

Answer 9

promastigote

Question 10

Site of infection (two of them)

Answer 10

cutaneous and visceral

Question 11

Cutaneous include what three species of Leishmania?

Answer 11

L. tropica, L. Mexicana, L. braziliensis (mucocutaneous)

Question 12

Visceral include what two species of Leishmania?

Answer 12

L. donoyani complex and L. infantum

Question 13

In foxhounds, direct vertical or direct horizontal infection happens, give an example of each

Answer 13

direct vertical: cells infected passed to pups during gestation and/or birth and/or nursing
Direct horizontal: Direct contact (fighting), with blood containing infected cells—can also be due to reusing needles, transfusions, and saliva transmission

Question 14

PPP

Answer 14

Varies

Question 15

Clinical signs

Answer 15

Facial alopecia, nodular skin lesions/ulcers, weight loss, anemia, diarrhea, loss of appetite, wasting disease/ muscle atrophy, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, nose bleeds, conjunctivitis/ocular lesions, swollen limbs/joints/lameness, renal failure and death

Question 16

Why does renal failure sometimes happen if severe enough?

Answer 16

renal failure happens because overactive autoimmune issues (over active B cells)

Question 17

Diagnosis

Answer 17

Histo (tissue) and culture (vector)

Question 18

Histology on tissue will show

Answer 18

amastigotes

Question 19

culture of vector will show

Answer 19

promastigotes