Intro

Question 1

Parasitism

Answer 1

living on or within a host, usually detrimental to the host

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

a relationship between two orgs. in which one benefits and other is unaffected

Question 3

mutalism

Answer 3

both benefit

Question 4

aberrant parasite

Answer 4

wanders from usual site of infection
often in host other than its normal host
may be accidental parasite

Question 5

Direct life cycle

Answer 5

a life cycle including a DH ONLY NO IH or paratentic host involved.

Question 6

Indirect life cycle

Answer 6

A life cycle cycle that HAS TO HAVE AN intermediate host

Question 7

Definitive host (DH)

Answer 7

host in which devo. to sexually maturity parasitic stages occur and is required for indirect and direct life cycles

Question 8

Intermediate host (IH)

Answer 8

Host in which immature parasite stages develops further; required for indirect life cycle

Question 9

paratenic host

Answer 9

habors immature stages but no development occurs, not required for life cycle, transport host

Question 10

reservoir host

Answer 10

can be the definitive, intermediate, or paratenic host. An animal which is utilized by a parasite as a temporary refuge till it reaches its appropriate host
EX: dogs and cats are reservoirs of Leishmania

Question 11

Prepatent period

Answer 11

time from initial infection to first detection of diagnostic stages

Question 12

Patent period

Answer 12

period of time during which diagnostic stages can be detected (like the incubation period with COVID)

Question 13

Autoinfection

Answer 13

re-inf. of host by parasite offspring without the parasites leaving the host

Question 14

Autochthonous infection

Answer 14

infection of a host by an agent that is native to that region

Question 15

Horizontal transmission

Answer 15

among same group members

Question 16

vertical transmission

Answer 16

parent to offspring

Question 17

sensitivity

Answer 17

the probability of correctly identifiying animals with a specific disease

Question 18

LOW sensitivity

Answer 18

MANY FALSE NEGS

Question 19

HIGH sensitivity

Answer 19

FEW false negatives

Question 20

Specificity

Answer 20

probabilty to correctly ID the animal that DOES NOT have the specified disease

Question 21

LOW specificity

Answer 21

many false pos

Question 22

HIGH specificity

Answer 22

few false pos

Question 23

Positive predicitive value

Answer 23

Percent with positive test that actually have disease taking prevalence in the area into account

Question 24

Negative predicitive value

Answer 24

Percent with the negative test, truly negative taking prevalence in the area into account

Question 25

Identification of a parasite in a host may be evidence of _______ but does NOT necessarily imply ________ _____

Answer 25

infection; parasitic disease

Question 26

Acoelomates

Answer 26

no body cavity

Question 27

dioecious

Answer 27

male and female

Question 28

monoecious

Answer 28

one sex only

Question 29

Bradyzoite vs. Tachyzoite

Answer 29

Brachyzoites have slow asexual repro. and tachyzoites are stages that can be transmitted transplacentally and transmammary

Question 30

Abortion with Toxoplasma gondii, what animals do we worry about? What animal is resistant?

Answer 30

Goats and sheep; cattle

Question 31

bradyzoites penetrate SI and then what happens??

Answer 31

bradyzoites penetrate SI of DH–> Gametogony and fertilization –> zygote –> two sporocysts/ each with four sporozoites

Question 32

Tip to remember: Sensitivity = looking at _______ and specicity means looking at ____

Answer 32

Negs; Positives