Toxins

Question 1

Tetrodotoxin mechanism

Answer 1

Sodium channel inhibition

Question 2

amount of nicotine to kill a man

Answer 2

60 mg

Question 3

most toxic known substance

Answer 3

botulinum toxin

Question 4

Classes of synthetic poisons

Answer 4

organophosphates

carbamates

Question 5

Examples of synthetic poisons

Answer 5

Sarin

VX

Question 6

how do synthetic poisons affect?

Answer 6

parasympathetic NS

Question 7

Physostigmine

Answer 7

glaucoma treatment (synthetic poison)

Question 8

Neostigmine

Answer 8

myasthenia gravis treatment

Question 9

Tacrine

Answer 9

Alzheimers treatment

Question 10

Acetyl Cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 10

increase Ach at synaptic cleft

Question 11

AEGL

Answer 11

Acute exposure guideline levels

Question 12

AEGL - 1

Answer 12

general public could experience discomfort/effects. Not disabling and reversible

Question 13

AEGL- 2

Answer 13

Serious health effects or impaired ability

Question 14

AEGL-3

Answer 14

life threatening effects

Question 15

IDLH

Answer 15

Immediately dangerous to life or health

Question 16

Fritz Haber

Answer 16

father of chemical warfare - fertilizer from ammonia

Question 17

Haber’s Law

Answer 17

C x t = k
concentration of gas x time to breath gas till toxic effect
k is constant
(i.e. double the concentration, half the time)

Question 18

slow poison

Answer 18

delayed toxicity

|&raquo_space;>8 hours

Question 19

slow poison mechanisms

Answer 19

chem slowly accumulates
continual build up of small amts
genetic damage slow to progress

Question 20

respiratory toxin mode of action

Answer 20

irritation
cell damage
fibrosis
allergic reactions

Question 21

GI toxin mode of action

Answer 21

direct damage to GI cells

vomit and diarrhea from indirect effects (via nervous system)

Question 22

Blood toxin mode of action

Answer 22

blood changed directly

blood change affects other organs

Question 23

Kidney toxins

Answer 23

damage to tubules

• heavy metals
• solvents
• antibiotics

Question 24

Nervous toxins

Answer 24

hydrophobic toxins can penetrate BBB

mode of action:
decrease oxygen
damage neurons or glial cells

Question 25

Liver

Answer 25

first organ to see toxins after absorption

Question 26

Modes of hepatic toxicity

Answer 26

liver cannot metabolize
detox capacity overwhelmed
metabolites are more toxic

Question 27

Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4)

Answer 27

metabolized by liver to

trichloromethyl free radical

Question 28

Cerebrovascular syndrome

Answer 28

> 100 Sv

dead in 24-48 hours

Question 29

GI syndrome

Answer 29

5-20 Sv

dead in 5 - 10 days

Question 30

Hematopoietic syndrome

Answer 30

2.5-5 Sv

LD50 3-4Gy based on this