Animal studies Flashcards
Goal of dose response studies
- ID shape of curve
2. mathematical model for curve
positive slope
agent produces the health effect
zero slope
agent does not produce effect
negative slope
agent protects against health effect
steeper slope
more potent agent
unit risk
change in response per unit increase in dose
Unit risk is a measure of _____
potency
threshold
some minimum dose level needs to occur before a response occurs
Carcinogen threshold
NO
Toxin threshold
YES
stochastic
cancer
non stochastic
cataracts, erythema, etc
cyclamates
animal studies suggested harmful, but was not
thalidomide
animal studies suggested safe, but was not
point of departure
beginning of low dose extrapolation
MTD
maximum tolerable dose
highest amount that does not kill
1/2 MTD
half max tolerable dose
NOEL
No Observed Effect Level
Highest amount that causes no biological functions and is indistinguishable from control
NOAEL
No observed Adverse Effect Level
highest dose with no adverse effect level compared to control
LOAEL
Lowest dose with significant increase in adverse effect
BMR
Benchmark Response
percentage increase in response used as point of departure
BMD
Benchmark dose
dose associated with BMR
BMD-L
Benchmark Dose -Low
Lowest dose associated with 10% increase in response
MOS
margin of safety
NOAEL / allowable dose
