toxin

Question 1

1. colonization factors
2. survival factors
3. factors that cause damage or spread
4. regulatory factors

Answer 1

factors responsible for the pathogenicity

Question 2

purpose of toxins? [3]

Answer 2

• obtain nutrients
• interfere with host defense
  facilitate dissemination

Question 3

a protein that damages Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

toxin

Question 4

non-proteinaceous lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 4

endotoxin

Question 5

often named on basis of target

Answer 5

exotoxins

Question 6

secreted toxins

Answer 6

exotosin

Question 7

obligate anaerobic gram-positive spore forming bacillus

Answer 7

C. botulinum

Question 8

Flaccid paralysis

Answer 8

botulism

Question 9

cell-binding domain recognizes target cell

Answer 9

B toxin

Question 10

enzymatically active domain translocated by the B domain

Answer 10

A toxin

Question 11

a subunit of botulinim toxin is a ________ that prevents _______ release

Answer 11

a protease that prevents acetylcholine release

Question 12

A toxin cleaves proteins involved in

Answer 12

synaptic vesicle fusion

Question 13

B toxin is a receptor-mediated ______ and _____ results in membrane insertion

Answer 13

receptor-mediated endocytosis and acidification results in membrane insertion

Question 14

target of tetanus toxin and botulinum toxin B,D,F,G

Answer 14

synaptobrevin [vamp]

Question 15

target of botulinum toxin A,E

Answer 15

SNAP-25

Question 16

target of botulinum toxin C

Answer 16

syntaxin

Question 17

obligate anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus

Answer 17

C. tetani

Question 18

spastic paralysis

Answer 18

tetanus

Question 19

poisons NT release by cleavage of protein involved in vesicle fusion

Answer 19

Tetanus

Question 20

translocated to the central nervous system

Answer 20

tetanus toxin

Question 21

translocated to the peripheral nerves

Answer 21

botulinum toxins

Question 22

prevents the release of inhibitory NT such as GABA

Answer 22

tetanus toxin

Question 23

prevents the release of stimulatory NT such as acetylcholine

Answer 23

botulinum toxins

Question 24

gram negative comma shaped, facultative anaerobe

Answer 24

V. cholerae

Question 25

non-invasive. all important symptoms are due to action of a single toxin

Answer 25

cholera

Question 26

Cholera toxin generates ________ pH, which inhibits competing bacteria

Answer 26

alkaline

Question 27

cholera toxin results in secretion of fluids into the lumen of the

Answer 27

small intestine

Question 28

intestinal epithelium controls the balance of water by controlling

Answer 28

ion flux

Question 29

difference between targets of tetanus and botunalism

Answer 29

B subunit

Question 30

ADP ribosylation and constitutive activation of a G protein by cholera toxin results in

Answer 30

high [cAMP]

Question 31

this increase in cAMP by cholera toxin causes

Answer 31

less water to be absorbed thus mor secreted

Question 32

covalently modify target proteins

Answer 32

ADP ribosylating toxins

Question 33

target of the cholera toxin

Answer 33

GTP-binding ‘G’ protein

Question 34

molecular switches

Answer 34

G proteins

Question 35

G proteins are inactive when bound to

Answer 35

GDP