human microbiome

Question 1

where are bacteria found?

Answer 1

free-living in soil, water and biofilms

Question 2

microbe benefits, host unaffected

Answer 2

commensal

Question 3

both microbe and host benefit

Answer 3

mutualistic

Question 4

microbe benefits diminishing fitness of the host–> pathogenic= can cause disease

Answer 4

parasitic

Question 5

what is one benefit of the human microbe mutualism?

Answer 5

barrier integrity and maintenance of the gut lumenal epithelium

Question 6

Humans shed a detectable ______ bacterial cloud

Answer 6

unique

Question 7

[2] of the most prolific environments in the human body for bacteria

Answer 7

1. oral cavity

2. distal colon

Question 8

where is it not colonized in the body? [2]

Answer 8

1. CNS/ Spinal fluid

2. blood

Question 9

there is roughly a ________ number of human and microbial cell

Answer 9

equivalent

Question 10

PD-1 blockade

Answer 10

goof bacteria against myeloma

Question 11

very sparse bacterial colonization in intestine

Answer 11

proximal small intestine

Question 12

functions of our symbiotic gut microbiome (3)

Answer 12

1. metabolic
2. immune & structural
3. protective

Question 13

associated with some conditions far from the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 13

Dysbiotic gut microbiomes

Question 14

infant’s first exposure to microbes happens in the

Answer 14

birth canal

Question 15

where do you digest polysaccharides?

Answer 15

colon! because of the well colonized bacteria environment

Question 16

formula feeding

Answer 16

aberrant initial olonization

Question 17

hygiene hypothesis

Answer 17

hyper intensive sanitation; lack of early exposure to diverse microbes

Question 18

western lifestyle and antiobiotic usage causes

Answer 18

beneficial bacteria reduced or lost entirely from the gut

Question 19

an imbalance in our microbial communities

Answer 19

dysbiosis

Question 20

optimal microbiota increased diversity of Gut microbes

Answer 20

symbiosis

Question 21

testing association between altered gut microbiota and disease?

Answer 21

Germ free mice

Question 22

bifidobacteria

Answer 22

good bacteria from breast milk

Question 23

spores are inhibited by

Answer 23

secondary Bile acid

Question 24

no secondary bile acid with

Answer 24

c-dip infection

Question 25

fermented foods only provides

Answer 25

passive microbioes

Question 26

fiber helps

Answer 26

stimulate growth of healthy bacteria