Introduction

Question 1

clostridium dificile shape?

Answer 1

Rod-shaped

Question 2

clostridium dificile is gram positive or negative?

Answer 2

positive

Question 3

clostridium dificile is a strict _______

Answer 3

anaerobe

Question 4

clostridium dificile synthesizes two large toxin proteins ____ and ____ that disrupt the _______________

Answer 4

clostridium dificile synthesizes two large toxin proteins TcdA and TcdB that disrupt the intestinal epithelium

Question 5

clostridium dificile is _____- forming

Answer 5

spore

Question 6

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes:

Nuclear membrane

Answer 6

Prokaryotes: No

Eukaryotes: Yes

Question 7

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes:

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer 7

Prokaryotes: No

Eukaryotes: Yes

Question 8

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes:

Endocytosis

Answer 8

Prokaryotes: No Eukaryotes: Yes

Question 9

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes:

Volume

Answer 9

Prokaryotes: 1 um3
Eukaryotes: 1000 um3

Question 10

Spore forming pathogens:

pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 10

clostridium difficile

Question 11

Spore forming pathogens:

botulism

Answer 11

clostridium botulinum

Question 12

Spore forming pathogens:

tetanus

Answer 12

clostridium tetani

Question 13

Spore forming pathogens:

anthrax

Answer 13

Bacillus anthracis

Question 14

Spore forming pathogens:

Food poisoning

Answer 14

Bacillus cereus

Question 15

spastic paralysis

Answer 15

tetanus

Question 16

flaccid paralysis

Answer 16

botulism

Question 17

the _____ water count of spores allows them to survive harsh environmental conditions

Answer 17

Low

Question 18

sporulation is triggered by

Answer 18

nutritional limitation

Question 19

terminal electron acceptor for respiration= oxygen

Answer 19

strict aerobes

Question 20

Terminal electron acceptor for respiration= organic molecule

Answer 20

Strict anaerobes

Question 21

some bacteria satisfy all of their energy needs by synthesizing ATP through the enzymatic reactions of glycolysis

Answer 21

fermentation

Question 22

bcteria generate additional ATP through an electron transport chain and membrane-bound ATP synthase

Answer 22

Respiration

Question 23

bacteria that have no requirements for organic compounds other than a simple carbon source

Answer 23

prototrophs

Question 24

bacteria that have more complex nutritional requirments, typically requiring amino acids and/or vitamins and/or pyrimidines and/or purines

Answer 24

Auxotrophs

Question 25

C.Difficile is a natural

Answer 25

auxotroph

Question 26

bacteria are

Answer 26

prokaryotes

Question 27

Human pathogen, causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 27

Clostridium difficile

Question 28

Thick layer of peptidoglycan, has a bi-layer

Answer 28

Gram positive

Question 29

thin peptidoglycan, contains endotoxin and lipopolysaccharide with one layer

Answer 29

Gram negative

Question 30

what is one way that bacteria can fight anti-biotics?

Answer 30

their cell envelope

Question 31

purple stain

Answer 31

gram positive

Question 32

pink stain

Answer 32

gram negative

Question 33

polysaccharide chains cross-linked by short chains of amino acids

Answer 33

peptidoglycan

Question 34

D-ALA D-ALA

Answer 34

penicilllin

Question 35

prevents the cross link being formed

Answer 35

Penicillin

Question 36

pencillin only kills

Answer 36

growing cells

Question 37

bacteria grow by

Answer 37

binary fission

Question 38

Can bacteria grow fast?

Answer 38

Yes!!! and spread fast!

Question 39

poor carbon source

Answer 39

poor medium

Question 40

How does C. difficile, a strict anaerobe,

get transmitted from one person to another?

Answer 40

Spores

Question 41

Why are there outbreaks of C. difficile
infection in hospitals or long-term care
facilities?

Answer 41

Spores and antibiotic use