Antibiotic

Question 1

bacterial antagonism

Answer 1

antibiotics

Question 2

antibiotics can be either

Answer 2

semi-synthetic or synthetic

Question 3

agents that either kill or inhibit growth of different species of bacteria

Answer 3

antibiotics

Question 4

how do antibiotics kill bacteria?

Answer 4

6 key strategies that usually focuses synthesis of a process

Question 5

penicillin

Answer 5

cell wall synthesis

Question 6

antibitoics can come from

Answer 6

natural secondary metabolic products from microbes s

Question 7

fluoroquinolones

Answer 7

DNA replication

Question 8

rimfampicin

Answer 8

RNA synthesis

Question 9

tetracyclines, chloramphenicol

Answer 9

protein synthesis

Question 10

sulfonamides

Answer 10

folic acid synthesis

Question 11

daptomycin in gram positive
and
colistin in gram negative

Answer 11

membrane disruption

Question 12

bactericidal

Answer 12

agents that kill

Question 13

bacteriostatic

Answer 13

inhibit growth of bacteria

Question 14

makes a break and rejoins the strands

Answer 14

gyrase

Question 15

covalently link to gyrase and cause lethal double stranded DNA break

Answer 15

fluoroquinolones

Question 16

pencillin binding protein

Answer 16

transpeptidase

Question 17

what is similar between the penicillin and the D-Ala D-Ala

Answer 17

beta lactam ring

Question 18

penicillin prevents the binding of

Answer 18

transpeptidases to D-ALA D-ALA

Question 19

Rifampcin binds to _____ and blocks trancription-elongation

Answer 19

RNAP

Question 20

Bacteria must synthesize folic acid from

Answer 20

PABA

Question 21

a precursor of DNA and is impermeable to bacterial cell

Answer 21

Folic acid

Question 22

inactivating the antibiotic

Answer 22

beta-lactam resistance

Question 23

Beta lactamase

Answer 23

cleaves the beta lactam ring inactivating penicillin

Question 24

Beta lactamase is secreted from the _____ and the gene is often encoded on a ______ and is inducible

Answer 24

Beta lactamase is secreted from the cytoplasm and the gene is often encoded on a plasmid DNA and is inducible

Question 25

vancomycin resistance

Answer 25

modifying or replacing the target

Question 26

vancomycin binds to the ________ in the PG and prevents ________ access to the substrate

Answer 26

vancomycin binds to the D-ALA D-ALA in the PG and prevents transpeptidase access to the substrate

Question 27

Vancomycin results when an enzyme changes s_____ to _______ leading to no binding of vancomycin and ________ is able to access the substrate

Answer 27

Vancomycin results when an enzyme changes D-ALA to D-ALA Lactate leading to no binding of vancomycin and transpeptidase is able to access the substrate

Question 28

remove the antibiotic from the cell: efflux pumps

Answer 28

multi drug resistance

Question 29

prevent antibiotic uptake by decreasing ______ gene expression in Gram negative, or by _______ the thickness of the peptidoglycan cell wall, or by forming a _____ or producing a _______

Answer 29

prevent antibiotic uptake by decreasing OMP gene expression in Gram negative, or by increasing the thickness of the peptidoglycan cell wall, or by forming a capsule or producing a Biofilm

Question 30

cells neither grow nor die during antibiotic exposure

Answer 30

develop persister populations

Question 31

persister cells are metabotically

Answer 31

inactive

Question 32

by being inactive persister cells are able to survive the

Answer 32

antibiotic Tx

Question 33

organism is innately resistant to the antibiotic

Answer 33

intrinsic resistance

Question 34

organism develops the ability to resist the antibiotic through acquiring mutations or new gene via horizontal gene transfer

Answer 34

acquired resistance

Question 35

why is gram negative resistance to vancomycin?

Answer 35

drug is too big to pass through the outer membrane porins

Question 36

why gram postive resistance to colistin?

Answer 36

lack of outer membrane LPS