Toxicology I Flashcards
What are the 5 types of toxicology studies?
Regulatory - repeat-dose
1st tier - blood, plasma, urine
2nd tier - additional characterizing
Investigative - core & esoteric
Discovery
When are rats used in toxicity studies?
Study termination - 6mths testing
When are non-rodent animals used in toxicology studies?
Study termination for up to a year
need baseline
Why do you need a baseline value for non-rodent animals?
Not as inbred as rats - rats are very genetically homogeneous
What are 6 ways of following GLP?
SOP
Protocols
Validation
Training
Documentation
Audited
What do you measure in WBC?
Total count & absolute differential counts
What 5 things are measured in RBC?
Total count
Hb conc
Hct
reticulocyte count
indices
What are core tests used to measure hepatic function?
ALT
AST
ALP
What are core tests used to look at renal function?
Urea
Creatinine
What are core tests used to look at electrolytes?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
What are core tests used to look at plasma proteins?
Albumin
total protein
What are core tests used to look at metabolism?
Glucose
cholesterol
What are 2nd tier clinical chemistry tests?
hepatic - GLDH, SDH, bilirubin, total bile acids
renal - Na, K, creatinine clearance, N-acetyl glucosaminidase
inflammation - haptoglobin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein
endocine - renin, catecholamines, ANP, parathormone
What are signs of liver toxicity?
Depression
Jaundice
Ascites
Hepatomegaly
Encephalopathy
What are 4 applications of an automated immunoanalyser in 2nd tier assays?
Thyroid
Reproductive
Adrenal
Cardiac
What is looked at in a core urinalysis test?
Volume
Appearance
Osmolality
pH
Total protein
Glucose
What is looked at in a 2nd tier urinalysis test?
Renal tubular - NAG, alpha GST, u-GST, electrolyte excretion, examination of sediment
Glomerular - microalbumin, urinary electrophoresis
What are 2 core hemostasis tests?
prothrombin time
activated partial thromboplastin time
What are 6 types of data analysis?
Experience, scientific judgement
patterns of change in parameters
dose response
effects in other studies
stats
